Updated on 2024/02/15

写真b

 
SCHULES, Douglas
 
*Items subject to periodic update by Rikkyo University (The rest are reprinted from information registered on researchmap.)
Affiliation*
College of Business Department of Global Business
Graduate School of Business Doctoral Program in Business
Graduate School of Business Master's Program in International Business
Title*
Associate Professor
Degree
コミュニケーションスタディズ (メディア研究) ( アイオワ大学 (米国) ) / 英文学 ( セントラルフロリダ大学 ) / Communication Studies (Media Studies) ( University of Iowa (USA) ) / Communication and Rhetorical Studies ( Syracuse University ) / English Literature ( University of Central Florida (USA) ) / Lingusitic Studies (Language, Culture, and Society) ( Syracuse University )
Contact information
Mail Address
Research Theme*
  • 専門は、メディア論(コミュニケーション分野)。メディア認識論、特に「社会が世界をどう理解するのか」をメディアがいかに形作っているのか、を主な研究テーマとしている。ゲーム業界についての執筆が多いが、近年は日本のインディーゲームやデベロッパーについて研究を進めている。

  • Research Interests
  • Popular Culture

  • Game Studies

  • Media Studies

  • Creative Industries

  • Campus Career*
    • 4 2016 - Present 
      College of Business   Department of Global Business   Associate Professor
    • 4 2016 - Present 
      Graduate School of Business   Master's Program in International Business   Associate Professor
    • 4 2018 - Present 
      Graduate School of Business   Doctoral Program in Business   Associate Professor
    • 4 2011 - 3 2016 
      College of Business   Department of Global Business   Assistant Professor
    • 4 2012 - 3 2016 
      Graduate School of Business   Master's Program in International Business   Assistant Professor
     

    Research Areas

    • Humanities & Social Sciences / Cultural assets study  / Popular Culture

    • Humanities & Social Sciences / Sociology

    • Humanities & Social Sciences / Area studies  / Media Studies

    Research History

    • 4 2018 - Present 
      RIKKYO UNIVERSITY   Graduate School of Business Field of Study: Business   Associate Professor

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    • 4 2016 - Present 
      RIKKYO UNIVERSITY   Graduate School of Business Field of Study: International Business   Associate Professor

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    • 4 2016 - Present 
      RIKKYO UNIVERSITY   College of Business Department of Global Business   Associate Professor

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    • 4 2011 - 3 2016 
      RIKKYO UNIVERSITY   College of Business Department of Global Business   Assistant Professor

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    Education

    • 8 2005 - 12 2012 
      University of Iowa   Department of Communication Studies   Communication Studies (Media Studies)

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      Country: United States

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    • 8 2003 - 8 2005 
      Syracuse University   Communication and Rhetorical Studies   Rhetorical Studies

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      Country: United States

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    • 8 2001 - 8 2003 
      Syracuse University   Department of Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics   Linguistic Studies (Language, Culture, and Society)

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      Country: United States

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    Committee Memberships

    • 2021 - Present 
      Journal of Replayng Japan   Board of Reviewers

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    • 2018 - Present 
      Transformative Works and Cultures   Editorial Board

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    Awards

    • 11 2020  
      National Communication Association  Top Paper in Game Studies Division  Games as Discursive Statements: Playing Go During the Edo Period

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    Papers

    • The Rhetoric of Game Practices: Go and Discursive Control in Tokugawa Japan Peer-reviewed

      Douglas Schules

      Rhetoric Society Quarterly51 ( 5 ) 439 - 454   20 10 2021

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      Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Informa UK Limited  

      DOI: 10.1080/02773945.2021.1972135

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    • Kawaii Japan: Defining JRPGs through the cultural media mix Peer-reviewed

      Douglas Schules

      Kinephanos5   53 - 76   2015

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      Despite frequent reference in academic and fan work to the video game genre known as JRPG (Japanese role-playing game), little critical scholarship has been dedicated to understanding how to conceptualize the genre. Frequently, JRPGs are framed as a cultural curiosity, with the “J” operating as a cultural appendix to established and well-defined genre of RPGs. The coordination between government and industry central to soft power, however, offers insight into the construction of the genre by highlighting the role the market plays in promoting culture. Drawing from representations of and discourse about gender in the MEXT’s Cool Japan campaign, this paper argues that JRPGs should be framed as one elemental part of a larger creative ecology that comes to define Japan and its culture overseas.

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    • How to do things with fan subs: Media engagement as subcultural capital in anime fan subbing Peer-reviewed

      Douglas Schules

      Transformative Works and Cultures17   2014

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      Anime fandom has been a fairly constant subject in fan scholarship, although only recently have conversations about fan subbing begun to circulate. As useful as those conversations are, none have directly dealt either with the mechanisms of fan subbing, particularly the use of linear notes, as a practice or with how these subs intersect with the flows of subcultural capital. Fan subbing, both as a productive and a consumptive practice, plays a small but influential part in subcultural capital. Engagement with media is a compositional element of such capital in this community.

      DOI: 10.3983/twc.2014.0512

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    • Anime Fansubs: Translation and Media Engagement as Ludic Practice

      Douglas Schules

          12 2012

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Doctoral thesis  

      The democratization of new media technologies, particularly the software tools though which “content” can be manipulated, has invited a seemingly vast array of modes through which people can express themselves. Conversations in fan studies, for example, cite the novel ways in which new media allow fans to alter texts in the expression of their subcultural needs, while theorizations of media often reverse the paradigm by arguing how advances in technology will revolutionize how we interact with, and hence, know the world. Frequently overlooked are the ways in which these technologies and communities co-construct engagement and the extent to which this engagement spurs novel ways of interaction.
      This dissertation addresses these problems by theorizing the role of the medium as a ludic negotiation between text and fan, informed—but not determined—by the rules and strictures that construct both these discrete media artifacts and the communities in which these texts circulate. Nowhere are these concerns more evident than in the subcultural realm of anime fan translations, where an eclectic blend of tech-savvy, Japanese language proficient, culturally competent individuals from different backgrounds converge to form groups who have self-nominated themselves to spread anime through timely, efficient, and accurate translations. To be successful, they must navigate multiple linguistic and cultural currents as they move between Japanese and their target language, deftly avoid running aground on the shores that structure the boundaries of container media, all the while remaining mindful of ideological and subcultural discursive shoals as they scan the horizon for alternate paths to their translation goal. These fan translators are, to be less dramatic, limited in the types of translations they can provide by the formal properties of the selected medium, but these limitations should be conceived as a generative process motivating translators to seek novel ways of engagement with the medium to meet both their translation needs and the needs of the communities in which their translations circulate.

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    • When language goes bad:  Localization's effect on the gameplay of Japanese RPGs Peer-reviewed

      Douglas Schules

      Dungeons, dragons and digital denizens: Digital role-playing games   88 - 112   2012

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Continuum  

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    • The 2004 Election Did Not Take Place

      Douglas Schules

          8 2005

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Master’s thesis  

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    • Synchronous Internet Communication: a Contextual Approach to Speech Acts

      Douglas Schules

          8 2003

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Master’s thesis  

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    Misc.

    • review of Japanese Culture through Videogames by Rachael Hutchinson

      Douglas Schules

      Monumenta Nipponica76 ( 1 ) 239 - 243   2021

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    • "Supernatural role playing game," by J. Chambers

      Douglas Schules

      Transformative Works and Cultures4   15 3 2010

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      Publisher:Transformative Works and Cultures  

      Review of Jamie Chambers. Supernatural role playing game. Williams Bay, WI: Margaret Weis Productions, 2009. Hardcover, $39.99 (224p) ISBN 978-1931567497.

      DOI: 10.3983/twc.2010.0191

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    Presentations

    • Games as Systems of Control: Playing Go in the Edo Period Invited

      Douglas Schules

      Game Studies Frontiers 2, Graduate School of Core Ethics and Frontier Sciences, Ritsumeikan University  16 3 2023 

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      Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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    • Indie Games in the Time of COVID: How Japanese Indie Game Devs and Events Adapted Invited

      Douglas Schules

      Popular Culture Association  4 2022 

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      Event date: 13 4 2022 - 16 4 2022

      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Rhetoric, Materiality, and Discourse: A Look at Japanese Gaming as Networked Practice Invited

      Douglas Schules

      National Communication Association  11 2021 

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      Event date: 18 11 2021 - 21 11 2021

      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • The Network as Discursive Formation: Creative Media in Post-Bubble Japan Invited

      Douglas Schules

      Popular Culture Association  6 2021 

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      Event date: 2 6 2021 - 6 6 2021

      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Games as Discursive Statements: Playing Go During the Edo Period Invited

      Douglas Schules

      National Communication Association  11 2020 

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      Event date: 26 10 2020 - 17 11 2020

      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Discursively Situating Representations: Bodily Control in Pre-Modern Japan Invited

      Douglas Schules

      Popular Culture Association  4 2020 

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      Event date: 15 4 2020 - 18 4 2020

      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • From Meiji to Modern Age: Orientalism as Soft Power in Cool Japan Invited

      Douglas Schules

      Digital Games Research Association  8 2016 

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      Event date: 1 8 2016 - 6 8 2016

      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Social Network Doping: Fake Fans as the New Social Capital Invited

      Douglas Schules, Hsin-Yen Yang

      International Communication Association  6 2016 

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      Event date: 9 6 2016 - 13 6 2016

      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Powers of Promotion in the Digital Era: Problematizing Credibility and Social Network Doping Invited

      Douglas Schules, Hsin-Yen Yang

      Public Relations Pre-Conference of the International Communication Association  8 6 2016 

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      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Gaming Nationalism: The Semantic Reproduction of Ideology in JRPGs Invited

      Douglas Schules

      Society of Cinema and Media Studies  3 2016 

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      Event date: 31 3 2016 - 3 4 2016

      Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Courting the Phantom Public and the Zombie Fans: A Comparative Study of Online Shills in the United States, China, and Japan International conference

      Hsin-Yen Yang, Douglas Schules

      International Association for Media and Communications Research  12 7 2015 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Kawaii Japan: Defining JRPGs through the Cultural Media Mix International conference

      Douglas Schules

      International Communication Association  21 5 2015 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Defining JRPGs: The Soft Political Construction of a Genre International conference

      Douglas Schules

      Popular Culture Association  1 4 2015 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • The Subcultural Logic of Anime Fansubs International conference

      Douglas Schules

      International Communication Association  22 5 2014 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

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    • There are Moe Things to JRPGs: Constructing Femininity as the Sublime International conference

      Douglas Schules

      Popular Culture Association  16 4 2014 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Speedsubs as Fan Practice: The Role of New Media Technologies in Redefining Anime Fan Engagement International conference

      Douglas Schules

      International Association for Media and Communications Research  25 6 2013 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Too Many Translations: Cultural Perception in Anime and Threats to Japanese Soft Power International conference

      Douglas Schules

      National Communication Association  15 11 2012 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Androgyny and Kawaii: Defining JRPG through Visual Gender Tropes International conference

      Douglas Schules

      VisCom26  20 6 2012 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Historicizing Marginalization: The Unfolding of Western Nationalism International conference

      Douglas Schules

      National Communication Association  21 11 2011 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Of Fansubs and Cultural Credibility: The Medium in Translation International conference

      Douglas Schules

      Popular Culture Association  20 4 2011 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Japanese Aesthetics and the Global Gaming Market International conference

      Douglas Schules

      Inter-Asia Cultural Typhoon  3 7 2009 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Farmer, Why Do I Hate Thee? Let Me Count the Ways: Subject/Object Politics within World of Warcraft International conference

      Douglas Schules

      Popular Culture Association  8 4 2009 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • The Electoral Map and Democratic Ideology: The 2004 Election did not Take Place International conference

      Douglas Schules

      National Communication Association  21 11 2008 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • The Aesthetic Singularity: Collapse of Enlightenment Politics in the Multimedia Text International conference

      Douglas Schules

      New Media Worlds  29 2 2008 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Argument, Aesthetic, and Elocution: The Influence of Rhetoric on Western Perceptions of Zen Buddhism International conference

      Douglas Schules

      National Communication Association  15 11 2007 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Performance as Cartesian Epistemology and the Challenge of Zainichi Koreans International conference

      Douglas Schules

      International Communication Association  24 5 2007 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • The Online Public Sphere: A Move to Simulation over Representation International conference

      Douglas Schules

      International Communication Association  23 5 2005 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Rhetorical Implications of Synchronous Internet Communication International conference

      Douglas Schules

      Eastern Communication Association  27 4 2005 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    • Bishoujo and the Hyperreal: Ideologies in Video Games and Their Offline Consequences International conference

      Douglas Schules

      Western States Communication Association  18 2 2005 

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      Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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    Research Projects

    Media Coverage

    • 「Rikkyo Indie Game Demo」が示すユニークなゲームアーカイブの方法論 Internet

      Yahoo! ニュース.  4 11 2019

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      Author:Other 

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    • Taking aim at Japan's gender problem Newspaper, magazine

      The Japan Times  p. 11  28 5 2014

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      Author:Myself 

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