Updated on 2024/03/17

写真b

 
SHIOMI Daisuke
 
*Items subject to periodic update by Rikkyo University (The rest are reprinted from information registered on researchmap.)
Affiliation*
College of Science Department of Life Science
Graduate School of Science Doctoral Program in Life Science
Graduate School of Science Master's Program in Life Science
Title*
Professor
Degree
博士(理学) ( 名古屋大学大学院理学研究科 )
Research Theme*
  • 細胞の形態形成制御機構および細胞分裂制御機構の解明を研究テーマとする。これら2つの制御は密接に関連しており、また細胞の生育にとって必須の制御である。分子生物学、遺伝学、生化学、細胞生物学などの手法を用いて、これらの制御機構の全貌を分子レベルで明らかにする。システムとして理解しやすいバクテリアをモデルにして研究する。

  • Research Interests
  • L-form

  • タンパク質間相互作用

  • 細胞形態

  • 形態

  • Bacterial two-hybrid

  • 細胞極性

  • 好熱菌

  • 極性

  • 細胞長

  • 細胞幅

  • 再構成系

  • ペプチドグリカン

  • 大腸菌

  • 形態形成

  • 蛍光タンパク質

  • 抑圧変異体

  • 免疫染色

  • 微生物

  • 細胞膜

  • 細胞骨格タンパク質

  • 低温感受性

  • 細胞分裂

  • 次世代ゲノムシークエンス

  • 細胞骨格

  • 細胞生物学

  • Campus Career*
    • 4 2020 - Present 
      College of Science   Department of Life Science   Professor
    • 4 2020 - Present 
      Graduate School of Science   Master's Program in Life Science   Professor
    • 4 2020 - Present 
      Graduate School of Science   Doctoral Program in Life Science   Professor
    • 4 2013 - 3 2020 
      College of Science   Department of Life Science   Associate Professor
    • 4 2013 - 3 2020 
      Graduate School of Science   Master's Program in Life Science   Associate Professor
    • 4 2013 - 3 2020 
      Graduate School of Science   Doctoral Program in Life Science   Associate Professor

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    Research Areas

    • Life Science / Bacteriology

    • Life Science / Cell biology

    • Life Science / Molecular biology

    Research History

    • 4 2020 - Present 
      立教大学   理学部生命理学科   教授

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    • 4 2013 - Present 
      Rikkyo University   Department of Life Science, College of Science

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    • 1 2008 - 3 2013 
      National Institute of Genetics

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    • 4 2004 - 12 2007 
      University of Texas Houston

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    • 10 2002 - 3 2004 
      Nagoya University   School of Science

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    • 4 2002 - 9 2002 
      名古屋大学大学院   理学研究科   生命理学専攻 DC2

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    Education

    • 4 2000 - 9 2002 
      名古屋大学大学院   理学研究科   生命理学専攻 博士課程 後期

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    • 4 1998 - 3 2000 
      名古屋大学大学院   理学研究科   生命理学専攻 博士課程 前期

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    • 4 1994 - 3 1998 
      Nagoya University   School of Science

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    Committee Memberships

    • 1 2024 - Present 
      日本ゲノム微生物学会   評議員

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      Committee type:Academic society

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    • 1 2018 - 12 2020 
      日本ゲノム微生物学会   会計監査

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      Committee type:Academic society

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    • 1 2018 - 12 2020 
      日本細菌学会   シンポジウム企画調整委員

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      Committee type:Academic society

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    • 1 2015 - 12 2017 
      日本細菌学会   広報委員

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      Committee type:Academic society

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    Awards

    • 6 2023  
      第19回21世紀大腸菌研究会  口頭発表賞  大腸菌の桿菌-L-form 変換時におけるゲノム DNA の動態解析
       
      遠山 唯(M1)

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    • 6 2022  
      第18回21世紀大腸菌研究会  口頭部門発表賞 
       
      山口 穂野香 (M2)

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    • 8 2021  
      第17回21世紀大腸菌研究会  優秀発表賞(ポスター発表部門) 
       
      浪川結衣 (B4)

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    • 3 2021  
      第15回日本ゲノム微生物学会年会  ポスター賞(優秀賞) 
       
      林匡史 (PD)

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    • 3 2021  
      第15回日本ゲノム微生物学会年会  ポスター賞(優秀賞) 
       
      山口穂野香 (B4)

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    • 10 2020  
      第103回日本細菌学会関東支部会  最優秀学生発表賞 
       
      近田大基 (M2)

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    • 8 2019  
      第13回細菌学若手コロッセウム  優秀発表賞 
       
      阿合理沙 (M2)

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    • 5 2019  
      第16回21世紀大腸菌研究会優秀口頭発表賞 
       
      近田大基 (M1)

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    • 11 2018  
      第101回 日本細菌学会関東支部総会  学生優秀発表賞 
       
      阿合理沙 (M1)

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    • 5 2018  
      第15回 21世紀大腸菌研究会  優秀口頭発表賞 
       
      阿合理沙 (M1)

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    • 3 2014  
      日本細菌学会  黒屋奨学賞  細菌形態形成制御機構に関する研究
       
      塩見 大輔

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    Papers

    • Relationship between the Rod complex and peptidoglycan structure in Escherichia coli Peer-reviewed

      Risa Ago, Yuhei O. Tahara, Honoka Yamaguchi, Motoya Saito, Wakana Ito, Kaito Yamasaki, Taishi Kasai, Sho Okamoto, Taiki Chikada, Taku Oshima, Issey Osaka, Makoto Miyata, Hironori Niki, Daisuke Shiomi

      MicrobiologyOpen12 ( 5 )   10 2023

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      Peptidoglycan for elongation in Escherichia coli is synthesized by the Rod complex, which includes RodZ. Although various mutant strains of the Rod complex have been isolated, the relationship between the activity of the Rod complex and the overall physical and chemical structures of the peptidoglycan have not been reported. We constructed a RodZ mutant, termed RMR, and analyzed the growth rate, morphology, and other characteristics of cells producing the Rod complexes containing RMR. The growth and morphology of RMR cells were abnormal, and we isolated suppressor mutants from RMR cells. Most of the suppressor mutations were found in components of the Rod complex, suggesting that these suppressor mutations increase the integrity and/or the activity of the Rod complex. We purified peptidoglycan from wild-type, RMR, and suppressor mutant cells and observed their structures in detail. We found that the peptidoglycan purified from RMR cells had many large holes and different compositions of muropeptides from those of WT cells. The Rod complex may be a determinant not only for the whole shape of peptidoglycan but also for its highly dense structure to support the mechanical strength of the cell wall.

      DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1385

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    • D-amino Acids Ameliorate Experimental Colitis and Cholangitis by Inhibiting Growth of Proteobacteria: Potential Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Peer-reviewed International journal

      Satoko Umeda, Tomohisa Sujino, Kentaro Miyamoto, Yusuke Yoshimatsu, Yosuke Harada, Keita Nishiyama, Yoshimasa Aoto, Keika Adachi, Naoki Hayashi, Kimiko Amafuji, Nobuko Moritoki, Shinsuke Shibata, Nobuo Sasaki, Masashi Mita, Shun Tanemoto, Keiko Ono, Yohei Mikami, Jumpei Sasabe, Kaoru Takabayashi, Naoki Hosoe, Toshihiko Suzuki, Toshiro Sato, Koji Atarashi, Toshiaki Teratani, Haruhiko Ogata, Nobuhiro Nakamoto, Daisuke Shiomi, Hiroshi Ashida, Takanori Kanai

      Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology   9 8 2023

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      BACKGROUND & AIMS: D-amino acids, the chiral counterparts of protein L-amino acids, were primarily produced and utilized by microbes, including those in the human gut. However, little was known about how orally administered or microbe-derived D-amino acids affected the gut microbial community or gut disease progression. METHODS: The ratio of D- to L-amino acids was analysed in feces and blood from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy controls. Also, composition of microbe was analysed from patients with UC. Mice treated with D- amino acid in DSS colitis model and liver cholangitis model. RESULTS: The ratio of D- to L-amino acids was lower in the feces of patients with UC than that of healthy controls. Supplementation of D-amino acids ameliorated UC-related experimental colitis and liver cholangitis by inhibiting growth of Proteobacteria. Addition of D-alanine, a major building block for bacterial cell wall formation, to culture medium inhibited expression of the ftsZ gene required for cell fission in the Proteobacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, thereby inhibiting growth. Overexpression of ftsZ restored growth of E. coli even when D-alanine was present. We found that D-alanine not only inhibited invasion of pathological K. pneumoniae into the host via pore formation in intestinal epithelial cells but also inhibited growth of E. coli and generation of antibiotic-resistant strains. CONCLUSION: D-aa might have potential for use in novel therapeutic approaches targeting Proteobacteria-associated dysbiosis and antibiotic-resistant bacterial diseases by means of their effects on the intestinal microbiota community.

      DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.002

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    • Outer Membrane is Critical for Viability of Cell Wall-deficient Bacterial Cells, L-form Invited Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke SHIOMI, Taku OSHIMA

      Seibutsu Butsuri63 ( 1 ) 27 - 29   1 2023

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      Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Biophysical Society of Japan  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.63.27

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    • 壁をなくしてみたところ Invited Peer-reviewed

      大島 拓, 塩見 大輔

      生物工学会誌100 ( 3 ) 137 - 137   3 2022

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      DOI: 10.34565/seibutsukogaku.100.3_1

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    • Direct Observation of Conversion From Walled Cells to Wall-Deficient L-Form and Vice Versa in Escherichia coli Indicates the Essentiality of the Outer Membrane for Proliferation of L-Form Cells. Peer-reviewed International journal

      Taiki Chikada, Tomomi Kanai, Masafumi Hayashi, Taishi Kasai, Taku Oshima, Daisuke Shiomi

      Frontiers in microbiology12   645965 - 645965   3 2021

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli are surrounded by an outer membrane, which encloses a peptidoglycan layer. Even if thinner than in many Gram-positive bacteria, the peptidoglycan in E. coli allows cells to withstand turgor pressure in hypotonic medium. In hypertonic medium, E. coli treated with a cell wall synthesis inhibitor such as penicillin G form wall-deficient cells. These so-called L-form cells grow well under anaerobic conditions (i.e., in the absence of oxidative stress), becoming deformed and dividing as L-form. Upon removal of the inhibitor, they return to the walled rod-shaped state. Recently, the outer membrane was reported to provide rigidity to Gram-negative bacteria and to strengthen wall-deficient cells. However, it remains unclear why L-form cells need the outer membrane for growth. Using a microfluidic system, we found that, upon treatment with the outer membrane-disrupting drugs polymyxin B and polymyxin B nonapeptide or with the outer membrane synthesis inhibitor CHIR-090, the cells lysed during cell deformation and division, indicating that the outer membrane was important even in hypertonic medium. L-form cells could return to rod-shaped when trapped in a narrow space, but not in a wide space, likely due to insufficient physical force. Outer membrane rigidity could be compromised by lack of outer membrane proteins; Lpp, OmpA, or Pal. Deletion of lpp caused cells to lyse during cell deformation and cell division. In contrast, ompA and pal mutants could be deformed and return to small oval cells even when less physical force was exerted. These results strongly suggest that wall-deficient E. coli cells require a rigid outer membrane to survive, but not too rigid to prevent them from changing cell shape.

      DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645965

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    • Alteration of Membrane Fluidity or Phospholipid Composition Perturbs Rotation of MreB Complexes in Escherichia coli. Peer-reviewed International journal

      Keisuke Kurita, Fumiya Kato, Daisuke Shiomi

      Frontiers in molecular biosciences7   582660 - 582660   2020

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli are surrounded by inner and outer membranes and peptidoglycan in between, protecting the cells from turgor pressure and maintaining cell shape. The Rod complex, which synthesizes peptidoglycan, is composed of various proteins such as a cytoplasmic protein MreB, a transmembrane protein RodZ, and a transpeptidase PBP2. The Rod complex is a highly motile complex that rotates around the long axis of a cell. Previously, we had reported that anionic phospholipids (aPLs; phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin) play a role in the localization of MreB. In this study, we identified that cells lacking aPLs slow down Rod complex movement. We also found that at higher temperatures, the speed of movement increased in cells lacking aPLs, suggesting that membrane fluidity is important for movement. Consistent with this idea, Rod complex motion was reduced, and complex formation was disturbed in the cells depleted of FabA or FabB, which are essential for unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. These cells also showed abnormal morphology. Therefore, membrane fluidity is important for maintaining cell shape through the regulation of Rod complex formation and motility.

      DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.582660

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    • RodZ: A key-player in cell elongation and cell division in Escherichia coli Invited Peer-reviewed International journal

      Risa Ago, Daisuke Shiomi

      AIMS Microbiology5 ( 4 ) 358 - 367   11 2019

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      © 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. RodZ is required for determination of cell shape in rod-shaped bacterium, such as Escherichia coli. RodZ is a transmembrane protein and forms a supramolecular complex called the Rod complex with other proteins, such as MreB-actin and peptidoglycan synthesis enzymes (for e.g., PBP2). Deletion of the rodZ gene changes the cell shape from rod to round or ovoid. Another supramolecular complex called divisome that controls cell division mainly consists of FtsZ-tubulin. MreB directly interacts with FtsZ and this interaction is critical to trigger a transition from cell elongation to cell division. Recently, we found that RodZ also directly interacts with FtsZ, and RodZ recruits MreB to the divisome. Formation of the division ring, called Z ring, is delayed if RodZ does not interact with FtsZ, indicating that RodZ might facilitate the formation of the Z ring during the cell division process. In this mini-review, we have summarized the roles of RodZ in cell elongation and cell division, especially based on our recent study.

      DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2019.4.358

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    • Division-site localization of RodZ is required for efficient Z ring formation in Escherichia coli. Peer-reviewed International journal

      Yoshii Y, Niki H, Shiomi D

      Molecular microbiology111 ( 5 ) 1229 - 1244   5 2019

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      Bacteria such as Escherichia coli must coordinate cell elongation and cell division. Elongation is regulated by an elongasome complex containing MreB actin and the transmembrane protein RodZ, which regulates assembly of MreB, whereas division is regulated by a divisome complex containing FtsZ tubulin. These complexes were previously thought to function separately. However, MreB has been shown to directly interact with FtsZ to switch to cell division from cell elongation, indicating that these complexes collaborate to regulate both processes. Here, we investigated the role of RodZ in the regulation of cell division. RodZ localized to the division site in an FtsZ-dependent manner. We also found that division-site localization of MreB was dependent on RodZ. Formation of a Z ring was delayed by deletion of rodZ, suggesting that division-site localization of RodZ facilitated the formation or stabilization of the Z ring during early cell division. Thus, RodZ functions to regulate MreB assembly during cell elongation and facilitates the formation of the Z ring during cell division in E. coli.

      DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14217

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    • Relation between rotation of MreB actin and cell width of Escherichia coli. Peer-reviewed International journal

      Kurita K, Shin R, Tabei T, Shiomi D

      Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms24 ( 3 ) 259 - 265   3 2019

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      Bacterial cells, including Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, continuously elongate and divide. Although the cell width is maintained during cell cycle, the molecular mechanisms involved in its regulation remain unknown. MreB has been implicated to play a role in maintaining cell width. Several point mutations in mreB that affect cell width have been identified. The MreB protein forms clusters or polymers in the cell and moves along annular tracks perpendicular to the long axis. This rotation is coupled with peptidoglycan synthesis. Here, we focused on two MreB mutants, MreBA125V and MreBA174T . Cells producing MreBA125V and MreBA174T were thinner and thicker than WT cells, and MreBA125V and MreBA174T rotated faster and slower than WT MreB, respectively. We observed that the rotation rate correlated with the cell wall synthesis rate. Thus, we conclude that the velocity of MreB rotation also affects cell width, that is, the faster the MreB rotates, the thinner the cell width is.

      DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12667

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    • Regulations of Subcellular Localization and Functions of MreB Actin in Escherichia coli

      栗田恵輔, 塩見大輔

      生物物理(Web)59 ( 2 ) 100‐102(J‐STAGE)   2019

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    • The periplasmic disordered domain of RodZ promotes its self-interaction in Escherichia coli Peer-reviewed International journal

      Ryosuke Ikebe, Yuri Kuwabara, Taiki Chikada, Hironori Niki, Daisuke Shiomi

      Genes to Cells23 ( 4 ) 307 - 317   1 4 2018

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Blackwell Publishing Ltd  

      Rod shape of bacterial cells such as Escherichia coli is mainly regulated by a supramolecular complex called elongasome including MreB actin. Deletion of the mreB gene in rod-shaped bacterium E. coli results in round-shaped cells. RodZ was isolated as a determinant of rod shape in E. coli, Caulobacter crescentus and Bacillus subtilis and it has been shown to be an interaction partner and a regulator of assembly of MreB through its cytoplasmic domain. As opposed to functions of the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of RodZ, functions of the C-terminal periplasmic domain including a disordered region are still unclear. To understand it, we adopted an in vivo photo-cross-linking assay to analyze interaction partners to identify proteins which interact with RodZ via its periplasmic domain, finding that the RodZ self-interacts in the periplasmic disordered domain. Self-interaction of RodZ was affected by MreB actin. Deletion of this region resulted in aberrant cell shape. Our results suggest that MreB binding to the cytoplasmic domain of RodZ causes structural changes in the disordered periplasmic domain of RodZ. We also found that the disordered domain of RodZ contributes to fine-tune rod shape in E. coli.

      DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12572

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    • Bacterial heterologous expression system for reconstitution of chloroplast inner division ring and evaluation of its contributors Peer-reviewed International journal

      Hiroki Irieda, Daisuke Shiomi

      International Journal of Molecular Sciences19 ( 2 )   11 2 2018

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MDPI AG  

      Plant chloroplasts originate from the symbiotic relationship between ancient free-living cyanobacteria and ancestral eukaryotic cells. Since the discovery of the bacterial derivative FtsZ gene-which encodes a tubulin homolog responsible for the formation of the chloroplast inner division ring (Z ring)-in the Arabidopsis genome in 1995, many components of the chloroplast division machinery were successively identified. The knowledge of these components continues to expand
      however, the mode of action of the chloroplast dividing system remains unknown (compared to bacterial cell division), owing to the complexities faced in in planta analyses. To date, yeast and bacterial heterologous expression systems have been developed for the reconstitution of Z ring-like structures formed by chloroplast FtsZ. In this review, we especially focus on recent progress of our bacterial system using the model bacterium Escherichia coli to dissect and understand the chloroplast division machinery-an evolutionary hybrid structure composed of both bacterial (inner) and host-derived (outer) components.

      DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020544

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    • Polar localization of MreB actin is inhibited by anionic phospholipids in the rod-shaped bacterium Escherichia coli (vol 63, pg 849, 2017) Invited Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi

      CURRENT GENETICS63 ( 5 ) 845 - 848   10 2017

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publisher:SPRINGER  

      DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0701-z

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    • ARC6-mediated Z ring-like structure formation of prokaryote-descended chloroplast FtsZ in Escherichia coli Peer-reviewed

      Hiroki Irieda, Daisuke Shiomi

      SCIENTIFIC REPORTS7 ( 1 ) 3492   6 2017

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

      Plant chloroplasts proliferate through binary fission, and the stromal-side molecules that are involved in chloroplast division are bacterial derivatives. As in bacteria, the prokaryotic tubulin homolog FtsZ assembles into a ring-like structure (Z ring) at mid-chloroplast, and this process is followed by constriction. However, the properties of chloroplast FtsZs remain unclarified. Here, we employed Escherichia coli as a novel heterologous system for expressing chloroplast FtsZs and their regulatory components. Fluorescently labelled Arabidopsis FtsZ2 efficiently assembled into long filaments in E. coli cells, and artificial membrane tethering conferred FtsZ2 filaments with the ability to form Z ring-like structures resembling the bacterial Z ring. A negative regulator of chloroplast FtsZ assembly, ARC3, retained its inhibitory effects on FtsZ2 filamentation and Z ring-like structure formation in E. coli cells. Thus, we provide a novel heterologous system by using bacterial cells to study the regulation of the chloroplast divisome. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the FtsZ2-interacting protein ARC6, which is a potential candidate for Z ring tethering to the chloroplast inner envelope membrane, genuinely targeted FtsZ2 to the membrane components and supported its morphological shift from linear filaments to Z ring-like structures in a manner dependent on the C-terminal ARC6-interacting domain of FtsZ2.

      DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03698-6

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    • Exclusion of assembled MreB by anionic phospholipids at cell poles confers cell polarity for bidirectional growth Peer-reviewed

      Takuma Kawazura, Kanon Matsumoto, Koki Kojima, Fumiya Kato, Tomomi Kanai, Hironori Niki, Daisuke Shiomi

      MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY104 ( 3 ) 472 - 486   5 2017

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      Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:WILEY  

      Cell polarity determines the direction of cell growth in bacteria. MreB actin spatially regulates peptidoglycan synthesis to enable cells to elongate bidirectionally. MreB densely localizes in the cylindrical part of the rod cell and not in polar regions in Escherichia coli. When treated with A22, which inhibits MreB polymerization, rod-shaped cells became round and MreB was diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasmic membrane. A22 removal resulted in restoration of the rod shape. Initially, diffuse MreB started to re-assemble, and MreB-free zones were subsequently observed in the cytoplasmic membrane. These MreB-free zones finally became cell poles, allowing the cells to elongate bidirectionally. When MreB was artificially located at the cell poles, an additional pole was created, indicating that artificial localization of MreB at the cell pole induced local peptidoglycan synthesis. It was found that the anionic phospholipids (aPLs), phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, which were enriched in cell poles preferentially interact with monomeric MreB compared with assembled MreB in vitro. MreB tended to localize to cell poles in cells lacking both aPLs, resulting in production of Y-shaped cells. Their findings indicated that aPLs exclude assembled MreB from cell poles to establish cell polarity, thereby allowing cells to elongate in a particular direction.

      DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13639

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    • Rapid, precise quantification of bacterial cellular dimensions across a genomic-scale knockout library Peer-reviewed

      Tristan Ursell, Timothy K. Lee, Daisuke Shiomi, Handuo Shi, Carolina Tropini, Russell D. Monds, Alexandre Colavin, Gabriel Billings, Ilina Bhaya-Grossman, Michael Broxton, Bevan Emma Huang, Hironori Niki, Kerwyn Casey Huang

      BMC BIOLOGY15 ( 1 ) 17   2 2017

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

      Background: The determination and regulation of cell morphology are critical components of cell-cycle control, fitness, and development in both single-cell and multicellular organisms. Understanding how environmental factors, chemical perturbations, and genetic differences affect cell morphology requires precise, unbiased, and validated measurements of cell-shape features.
      Results: Here we introduce two software packages, Morphometrics and BlurLab, that together enable automated, computationally efficient, unbiased identification of cells and morphological features. We applied these tools to bacterial cells because the small size of these cells and the subtlety of certain morphological changes have thus far obscured correlations between bacterial morphology and genotype. We used an online resource of images of the Keio knockout library of nonessential genes in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli to demonstrate that cell width, width variability, and length significantly correlate with each other and with drug treatments, nutrient changes, and environmental conditions. Further, we combined morphological classification of genetic variants with genetic meta-analysis to reveal novel connections among gene function, fitness, and cell morphology, thus suggesting potential functions for unknown genes and differences in modes of action of antibiotics.
      Conclusions: Morphometrics and BlurLab set the stage for future quantitative studies of bacterial cell shape and intracellular localization. The previously unappreciated connections between morphological parameters measured with these software packages and the cellular environment point toward novel mechanistic connections among physiological perturbations, cell fitness, and growth.

      DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0348-8

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    • Regulation of bacterial cell shape revealed by single cell observations Invited

      Daisuke Shiomi

      Microscopy65   i9 - i9   2016

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Oxford University Press  

      Bacterial cells show various shapes such as round, rod and spiral. Maintenance of cell shape is vital to various cellular events including cell elongation, division and host infection. A model bacterium Escherichia coli shows rod-shape. Rod-shape consists of central cylinder and polar caps. To make rod shape, E. coli has to elongate to a constant direction and divide at mid-cell. In other words, E. coli has a polarity. Bacterial actin MreB localizes to the cylinder, forms clusters (Fig. 1) and plays an important role to regulate the polarity
      cells lacking mreB become round shape because the cells lost the polarity. However, mechanism that MreB regulates the polarity remains unknown. We treated WT cells by A22, an antibiotic that inhibits assembly of MreB. MreB which localizes in the cylinder was diffused in the cytoplasmic membrane and the cytoplasm and the cells became round shape as previously shown (Fig. 1). To examine a role of MreB in regulating polarity, we observed a process of restoration of cell shape from round to rod by removing A22. MreB formed clusters and localized to the cytoplasmic membrane asymmetrically. The MreB-free zones finally became the cell poles in rod shape. We conclude that asymmetric localization of MreB would be required to make the cell polarity.

      DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfw044

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    • [Regulation of determination of bacterial shape]. Peer-reviewed

      Shiomi D

      Nihon saikingaku zasshi. Japanese journal of bacteriology69 ( 4 ) 557 - 564   2014

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      Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

      DOI: 10.3412/jsb.69.557

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    • A mutation in the promoter region of zipA, a component of the divisome, suppresses the shape defect of RodZ-deficient cells Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi, Hironori Niki

      MICROBIOLOGYOPEN2 ( 5 ) 798 - 810   10 2013

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      RodZ is important for maintaining the rod shape of Escherichia coli. Loss of RodZ causes conversion of the rod shape to a round shape and a growth rate slower than that of wild-type cells. Suppressor mutations that simultaneously restore both the growth rates and the rod shape were isolated. Most of the suppressor mutations are found in mreB, mrdA, or mrdB. One of the mutations was in the promoter region of zipA, which encodes a crucial component of the cell division machinery. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the suppression by this mutation. ZipA was slightly but significantly increased in the suppressor cells and led to a delay in cell division. While round-shaped mreB and mrdA mutants lose cell bipolarity, we found that round-shaped rodZ mutants retained cell bipolarity. Therefore, we concluded that a delay in the completion of septation provides extra time to elongate the cell laterally so that the zipA suppressor mutant is able to recover its ovoid or rod shape. The suppression by zipA demonstrates that the regulation of timing of septation potentially contributes to the conversion of morphology in bacterial cells.

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    • Mutations in cell elongation genes mreB, mrdA and mrdB suppress the shape defect of RodZ-deficient cells Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi, Atsushi Toyoda, Tomoyuki Aizu, Fumio Ejima, Asao Fujiyama, Tadasu Shini, Yuji Kohara, Hironori Niki

      MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY87 ( 5 ) 1029 - 1044   3 2013

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      RodZ interacts with MreB and both factors are required to maintain the rod shape of Escherichia coli. The assembly of MreB into filaments regulates the subcellular arrangement of a group of enzymes that synthesizes the peptidoglycan (PG) layer. However, it is still unknown how polymerization of MreB determines the rod shape of bacterial cells. Regulatory factor(s) are likely to be involved in controlling the function and dynamics of MreB. We isolated suppressor mutations to partially recover the rod shape in rodZ deletion mutants and found that some of the suppressor mutations occurred in mreB. All of the mreB mutations were in or in the vicinity of domain IA of MreB. Those mreB mutations changed the property of MreB filaments in vivo. In addition, suppressor mutations were found in the periplasmic regions in PBP2 and RodA, encoded by mrdA and mrdB genes. Similar to MreB and RodZ, PBP2 and RodA are pivotal to the cell wall elongation process. Thus, we found that mutations in domain IA of MreB and in the periplasmic domain of PBP2 and RodA can restore growth and rod shape to rodZ cells, possibly by changing the requirements of MreB in the process.

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    • A mutation of ispA that is involved in isoprenoid biogenesis can improve growth of Escherichia coli at low temperatures Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi, Hironori Niki

      MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY55 ( 12 ) 885 - 888   12 2011

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      Cells lacking rodZ are defective not only in cell shape, but also in cell growth at low temperatures. Cold-sensitive growth was suppressed by a mutation of ispA without recovery from the round shape, and the mutation improved cell growth of the wild-type at low temperatures.

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    • Visualization of bacteriophage P1 infection by cryo-electron tomography of tiny Escherichia coli Peer-reviewed

      Jun Liu, Cheng-Yen Chen, Daisuke Shiomi, Hironori Niki, William Margolin

      VIROLOGY417 ( 2 ) 304 - 311   9 2011

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      Bacteriophage P1 has a contractile tail that targets the conserved lipopolysaccharide on the outer membrane surface of the host for initial adsorption. The mechanism by which P1 DNA enters the host cell is not well understood, mainly because the transient molecular interactions between bacteriophage and bacteria have been difficult to study by conventional approaches. Here, we engineered tiny E. coli host cells so that the initial stages of P1-host interactions could be captured in unprecedented detail by cryo-electron tomography. Analysis of three-dimensional reconstructions of frozen-hydrated specimens revealed three predominant configurations: an extended tail stage with DNA present in the phage head, a contracted tail stage with DNA, and a contracted tail stage without DNA. Comparative analysis of various conformations indicated that there is uniform penetration of the inner tail tube into the E. coli periplasm and a significant movement of the baseplate away from the outer membrane during tail contraction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

      DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.005

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    • Identification of Escherichia coli ZapC (YcbW) as a Component of the Division Apparatus That Binds and Bundles FtsZ Polymers Peer-reviewed

      Cynthia A. Hale, Daisuke Shiomi, Bing Liu, Thomas G. Bernhardt, William Margolin, Hironori Niki, Piet A. J. de Boer

      JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY193 ( 6 ) 1393 - 1404   3 2011

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      Assembly of the cell division apparatus in bacteria starts with formation of the Z ring on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. This process involves the accumulation of FtsZ polymers at midcell and their interaction with several FtsZ-binding proteins that collectively organize the polymers into a membrane-associated ring-like configuration. Three such proteins, FtsA, ZipA, and ZapA, have previously been identified in Escherichia coli. FtsA and ZipA are essential membrane-associated division proteins that help connect FtsZ polymers with the inner membrane. ZapA is a cytoplasmic protein that is not required for the fission process per se but contributes to its efficiency, likely by promoting lateral interactions between FtsZ protofilaments. We report the identification of YcbW (ZapC) as a fourth FtsZ-binding component of the Z ring in E. coli. Binding of ZapC promotes lateral interactions between FtsZ polymers and suppresses FtsZ GTPase activity. This and additional evidence indicate that, like ZapA, ZapC is a nonessential Z-ring component that contributes to the efficiency of the division process by stabilizing the polymeric form of FtsZ.

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    • Mechanism of rod-shape formation by cytoskeletal proteins in Escherichia coli

      SHIOMI Daisuke, NIKI Hironori

      Biseibutsu seitai24 ( 2 ) 51 - 60   1 9 2009

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      DOI: 10.20709/jsmeja.24.2_51

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    • Genetic mechanism regulating bacterial cell shape and metabolism.

      Shiomi D, Mori H, Niki H

          5 2009

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      DOI: 10.4161/cib.2.3.7930

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    • Genetic mechanism regulating bacterial cell shape and metabolism

      Daisuke Shiomi, Hideo Mori, Hironori Niki

      Communicative and Integrative Biology2 ( 3 ) 219 - 220   5 2009

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      The bacterium Escherichia coli is rod-shaped, and a unit cell keeps regular dimensions of about 1.5 μm long and 0.5 μm wide. The rod-shaped cell is composed of two parts: a cylinder in the center and caps at both ends. The length of the cylinder corresponds to the length of the rod cell. A recent paper reported the genetic regulation of the cell length by rodZ. RodZ is a membrane protein with bitopic topology that assembles underneath the cell membrane to form helical filaments along the lateral axis of the cell with the bacterial actin MreB. RodZ filaments probably interact with enzymes that contribute to peptidoglycan synthesis. Cells lacking rodZ shorten only along the lateral axis of the cell so that the cells become round-shaped instead of rod-shaped. Such spheroidal cells consist only of caps due to the loss of almost all of the cylinder. In addition, carbon metabolism is remarkably disturbed by the deficiency of RodZ. This suggests that the transport of nutrients at the surface of the cylinder is reduced in rodZ mutant cells. Thus, cell morphology is also critical for proper metabolism for cell proliferation. ©2009 Landes Biosciences.

      DOI: 10.4161/cib.2.3.7930

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    • Determination of bacterial rod shape by a novel cytoskeletal membrane protein Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi, Masako Sakai, Hironori Niki

      EMBO JOURNAL27 ( 23 ) 3081 - 3091   12 2008

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      Cell shape is critical for growth, and some genes are involved in bacterial cell morphogenesis. Here, we report a novel gene, rodZ, required for the determination of rod shape in Escherichia coli. Cells lacking rodZ no longer had rod shape but rather were round or oval. These round cells were smaller than known round mutant cells, including mreB and pbpA mutants; both are known to lose rod shape. Morphogenesis from rod cells to round cells and vice versa, caused by depletion and overproduction of RodZ, respectively, revealed that RodZ could regulate the length of the long axis of the cell. RodZ is a membrane protein with bitopic topology such that the N-terminal region including a helix-turn-helix motif is in the cytoplasm, whereas the C-terminal region is exposed in the periplasm. GFP-RodZ forms spirals along the lateral axis of the cell beneath the cell membrane, similar to the MreB bacterial actin. Thus, RodZ may mediate spatial information from cytoskeletal proteins in the cytoplasm to a peptidoglycan synthesis machinery in the periplasm.

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    • Compensation for the loss of the conserved membrane targeting sequence of FtsA provides new insights into its function Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi, William Margolin

      MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY67 ( 3 ) 558 - 569   2 2008

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      The bacterial actin homologue FtsA has a conserved C-terminal membrane targeting sequence (MTS). Deletion or point mutations in the MTS, such as W408E, were shown previously to inactivate FtsA function and inhibit cell division. Because FtsA binds to the tubulin-like FtsZ protein that forms the Z ring, it is thought that the MTS of FtsA is required, along with the transmembrane protein ZipA, to assemble the Z ring and anchor it to the cytoplasmic membrane. Here, we show that despite its reduced membrane binding, FtsA-W408E could localize to the Z ring and recruit the late cell division protein FtsI, but was defective in self-interaction and recruitment of FtsN, another late cell division protein. These defects could be suppressed by a mutation that stimulates membrane association of FtsA-W408E, or by expressing a tandem FtsA-W408E. Remarkably, the FtsA MTS could be completely replaced with the transmembrane domain of MalF and remain functional for cell division. We propose that FtsA function in cell division depends on additive effects of membrane binding and self-interaction, and that the specific requirement of an amphipathic helix for tethering FtsA to the membrane can be bypassed.

      DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06085.x

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    • 大腸菌におけるタンパク質の細胞内局在とそのメカニズム

      塩見大輔

      生化学80 ( 1 ) 36 - 40   25 1 2008

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    • Mechanisms Underlying Subcellular Localization of the Bacterial Transmembrane Chemoreceptor

      SHIOMI Daisuke, KAWAGISHI Ikuro

      Biophysics48 ( 1 ) 30 - 34   25 1 2008

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:日本生物物理学会  

      The chemoreceptors of Escherichia coli cluster at a cell pole, a property which is critical for signaling. However, little is known about the mechanism of polar localization. Our recent study demonstrated that the aspartate chemoreceptor (Tar)-GFP fusion protein is inserted into lateral membrane regions and migrates to the pole. Unexpectedly, Tar-GFP was found to be arranged into a coil, which reflects a coil of the Sec protein translocation machinery. The Sec coil appeared distinct from the coil of MreB, an actin-like cytoskeletal protein. These findings shed new light on the spatial organ...

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.48.030

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    • [Mechanism underlying subcellular localization of proteins in Escherichia coli]. Peer-reviewed

      Shiomi D

      Seikagaku. The Journal of Japanese Biochemical Society80   36 - 40   1 2008

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    • Dimerization or oligomerization of the actin-like FtsA protein enhances the integrity of the cytokinetic Z ring Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi, William Margolin

      MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY66 ( 6 ) 1396 - 1415   12 2007

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      In bacteria, the actin-like FtsA protein interacts with the tubulin-like FtsZ protein, helping to assemble the cytokinetic Z ring, anchor it to the cytoplasmic membrane and recruit other essential divisome proteins. FtsA also interacts with itself, but it is not clear whether this self-interaction is required for its full functionality. Here we describe new dominant negative missense mutations in Escherichia coli ftsA that specifically inhibit FtsA homodimerization and simultaneously cause disruption of Z rings. The negative effects of one mutation, M71A, were suppressed by altering levels of certain division proteins or by additional mutations in ftsA that promote increased integrity of the Z ring. Remarkably, when FtsA, FtsA-M71A, and other mutants of FtsA that compromise self-interaction were connected in a tandem repeat, they were at least partially functional and suppressed defects of an ftsZ84(ts) mutation. This gain of function by FtsA tandems further suggested that FtsA monomers cause deleterious interactions with FtsZ and that increased dimerization or oligomerization of FtsA enhances its ability to promote Z-ring integrity. Therefore, we propose that FtsZ assembly is regulated by the extent of FtsA oligomerization.

      DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05998.x

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    • A sweet sensor for size-conscious bacteria Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi, William Margolin

      CELL130 ( 2 ) 216 - 218   7 2007

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      Bacteria, like eukaryotic cells, regulate their size by coordinating cell growth and division, growing faster and becoming larger when nutrients are more plentiful. Weart et al. (2007) now identify an enzyme in a glucolipid pathway that inhibits assembly of the key cell division protein FtsZ, but only during high nutrient conditions. Delaying cell division during rapid growth allows bacterial cells to become larger.

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    • An altered FtsA can compensate for the loss of essential cell division protein FtsN in Escherichia coli Peer-reviewed

      Christophe S. Bernard, Mahalakshmi Sadasivam, Daisuke Shiomi, William Margolin

      MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY64 ( 5 ) 1289 - 1305   6 2007

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      FtsN is the last known essential protein component to be recruited to the Escherichia coli divisome, and has several special properties. Here we report the isolation of suppressor mutants of ftsA that allow viability in the absence of ftsN. Cells producing the FtsA suppressors exhibited a mild cell division deficiency in the absence of FtsN, and no obvious phenotype in its presence. Remarkably, these altered FtsA proteins also could partially suppress a deletion of ftsK or zipA, were less toxic than wild-type FtsA when in excess, and conferred resistance to excess MinC, indicating that they share some properties with the previously isolated FtsA* suppressor mutant, and bypass the need for ftsN by increasing the integrity of the Z ring. TolA, which normally requires FtsN for its recruitment to the divisome, localized proficiently in the suppressed ftsN null strain, strongly suggesting that FtsN does not recruit the Tol-Pal complex directly. Therefore, despite its classification as a core divisome component, FtsN has no unique essential function but instead promotes overall Z ring integrity. The results strongly suggest that FtsA is conformationally flexible, and this flexibility is a key modulator of divisome function at all stages.

      DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05738.x

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    • The ftsA* gain-of-function allele of Escherichia coli and its effects on the stability and dynamics of the Z ring Peer-reviewed

      Brett Geissler, Daisuke Shiomi, William Margolin

      MICROBIOLOGY-SGM153 ( 3 ) 814 - 825   3 2007

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      Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY  

      Formation of the FtsZ ring (Z ring) in Escherichia coli is the first step in the assembly of the divisome, a protein machine required for cell division. Although the biochemical functions of most divisome proteins are unknown, several, including ZipA, FtsA and FtsK, have overlapping roles in ensuring that the Z ring assembles at the cytoplasmic membrane, and that it is active. As shown previously, a single amino acid change in FtsA, R286W, also called FtsA*, bypasses the requirement for either ZipA or FtsK in cell division. In this study, the properties of FtsA* were investigated further, with the eventual goal of understanding the molecular mechanism behind the bypass. Compared to wild-type FtsA, the presence of FtsA* resulted in a modest but significant decrease in the mean length of cells in the population, accelerated the reassembly of Z rings, and suppressed the cell-division block caused by excessively high levels of FtsZ. These effects were not mediated by Z-ring remodelling, because FtsA* did not alter the kinetics of FtsZ turnover within the Z ring, as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. FtsA* was also unable to permit normal cell division at below normal levels of FtsZ, or after thermoinactivation of ftsZ84(ts). However, turnover of FtsA* in the ring was somewhat faster than that of wild-type FtsA, and overexpressed FtsA* did not inhibit cell division as efficiently as wild-type FtsA. Finally, FtsA* interacted more strongly with FtsZ compared with FtsA in a yeast two-hybrid system. These results suggest that FtsA* interacts with FtsZ in a markedly different way compared with FtsA.

      DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/001834-0

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    • The C-terminal domain of MinC inhibits assembly of the Z ring in Escherichia coli Peer-reviewed

      Daisuke Shiomi, William Margolin

      JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY189 ( 1 ) 236 - 243   1 2007

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      In Escherichia coli, the Min system, consisting of three proteins, MinC, MinD, and MinE, negatively regulates FtsZ assembly at the cell poles, helping to ensure that the Z ring will assemble only at midcell. Of the three Min proteins, MinC is sufficient to inhibit Z-ring assembly. By binding to MinD, which is mostly localized at the membrane near the cell poles, MinC is sequestered away from the cell midpoint, increasing the probability of Z-ring assembly there. Previously, it has been shown that the two halves of MinC have two distinct functions. The N-terminal half is sufficient for inhibition of FtsZ assembly, whereas the C-terminal half of the protein is required for binding to MinD as well as to a component of the division septum. In this study, we discovered that overproduction of the C-terminal half of MinC (MinC(122-231)) could also inhibit cell division and that this inhibition was at the level of Z-ring disassembly and dependent on MinD. We also found that fusing green fluorescent protein to either the N-terminal end of MinC(112-231), the C terminus of full-length MinC, or the C terminus of MinC(122-131), perturbed MinC function, which may explain why cell division inhibition by MinC(122-231), was not detected previously. These results suggest that the C-terminal half of MinC has an additional function in the regulation of Z-ring assembly.

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    • Helical distribution of the bacterial chemoreceptor via colocalization with the Sec protein translocation machinery Peer-reviewed

      D Shiomi, M Yoshimoto, M Homma, Kawagishi, I

      MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY60 ( 4 ) 894 - 906   5 2006

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      In Escherichia coli, chemoreceptor clustering at a cell pole seems critical for signal amplification and adaptation. However, little is known about the mechanism of localization itself. Here we examined whether the aspartate chemoreceptor (Tar) is inserted directly into the polar membrane by using its fusion to green fluorescent protein (GFP). After induction of Tar-GFP, fluorescent spots first appeared in lateral membrane regions, and later cell poles became predominantly fluorescent. Unexpectedly, Tar-GFP showed a helical arrangement in lateral regions, which was more apparent when a Tar-GFP derivative with two cysteine residues in the periplasmic domain was cross-linked to form higher oligomers. Moreover, similar distribution was observed even when the cytoplasmic domain of the double cysteine Tar-GFP mutant was replaced by that of the kinase EnvZ, which does not localize to a pole. Observation of GFP-SecE and a translocation-defective MalE-GFP mutant, as well as indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on SecG, suggested that the general protein translocation machinery (Sec) itself is arranged into a helical array, with which Tar is transiently associated. The Sec coil appeared distinct from the MreB coil, an actin-like cytoskeleton. These findings will shed new light on the mechanisms underlying spatial organization of membrane proteins in E. coli.

      DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05145.x

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    • 2P547 Single cell based analysis on the polarity of Escherichia coli cells(52. Bio-imaging,Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)

      Ayano Satoru, Inoue Ippei, Shiomi Daisuke, Kawagishi Ikuro, Yasuda Kenji

      Seibutsu Butsuri46 ( 2 ) S432   2006

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    • Stabilization of polar localization of a chemoreceptor via its covalent modifications and its communication with a different chemoreceptor Peer-reviewed

      D Shiomi, S Banno, M Homma, Kawagishi, I

      JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY187 ( 22 ) 7647 - 7654   11 2005

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      In the chemotaxis of Escherichia coli, polar clustering of the chemoreceptors, the histidine kinase CheA, and the adaptor protein CheW is thought to be involved in signal amplification and adaptation. However, the mechanism that leads to the polar localization of the receptor is still largely unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of receptor covalent modification on the polar localization of the aspartate chemoreceptor Tar fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Amidation (and presumably methylation) of Tar-GFP enhanced its own polar localization, although the effect was small. The slight but significant effect of amidation on receptor localization was reinforced by the fact that localization of a noncatalytic mutant version of GFP-CheR that targets to the C-terminal pentapeptide sequence of Tar was similarly facilitated by receptor amidation. Polar localization of the demethylated version of Tar-GFP was also enhanced by increasing levels of the serine chemoreceptor Tsr. The effect of covalent modification on receptor localization by itself may be too small to account for chemotactic adaptation, but receptor modification is suggested to contribute to the molecular assembly of the chemoreceptor/histidine kinase array at a cell pole, presumably by stabilizing the receptor dimer-to-dimer interaction.

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    • Subcellular localization of histidine kinases in Escherichia coli

      Yoshimoto M., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri45   S260   2005

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      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.45.S260_3

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    • 2P228 Subcellular localization and clustering of the redox sensor Aer of Escherichia coli

      Ohta N., Banno S., Obata Y., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi

      Seibutsu Butsuri45   S176   2005

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      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.45.S176_4

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    • 3P348 Single-cell analysis of E.coli's polarity

      Ayano S., Inoue I., Shiomi D., Kawagishi I., Yasuda K.

      Seibutsu Butsuri45   S290   2005

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      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.45.S290_4

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    • Targeting of the chemotaxis methylesterase/deamidase CheB to the polar receptor-kinase cluster in an Escherichia coli cell Peer-reviewed

      S Banno, D Shiomi, M Homma, Kawagishi, I

      MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY53 ( 4 ) 1051 - 1063   8 2004

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      Chemotactic adaptation to persisting stimulation involves reversible methylation of the chemoreceptors that form complexes with the histidine kinase CheA at a cell pole. The methyltransferase CheR targets to the C-terminal NWETF sequence of the chemoreceptor. In contrast, localization of the methylesterase CheB is largely unknown, although regulation of its activity via phosphorylation is central to adaptation. In this study, green fluorescent protein was fused to full-length CheB or its various parts: the N-terminal regulatory domain (N), the C-terminal catalytic domain (C) and the linker (L). The full-length and NL fusions and, to a lesser extent, the LC fusion localized to a pole. Deletion of the P2 domain from CheA abolished polar localization of the full-length and NL fusions, but did not affect that of the LC fusion. Pull-down assays demonstrated that the NL fragment, but not the LC fragment, binds to the P2 fragment of CheA. These results indicate that binding of the NL domain to the P2 domain targets CheB to the polar signalling complex. The LC fusion, like the chemoreceptor, partially localized in the absence of CheA, suggesting that the LC domain may interact with its substrate sites, either as part of the protein or as a proteolytic fragment.

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    • Simultaneous measurement of sensor-protein dynamics and motility of a single cell by on-chip microcultivation system. Peer-reviewed International journal

      Ippei Inoue, Daisuke Shiomi, Ikuro Kawagishi, Kenji Yasuda

      Journal of nanobiotechnology2 ( 1 ) 4 - 4   30 4 2004

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      Measurement of the correlation between sensor-protein expression, motility and environmental change is important for understanding the adaptation process of cells during their change of generation. We have developed a novel assay exploiting the on-chip cultivation system, which enabled us to observe the change of the localization of expressed sensor-protein and the motility for generations. Localization of the aspartate sensitive sensor protein at two poles in Escherichia coli decreased quickly after the aspartate was added into the cultivation medium. However, it took more than three generations for recovering the localization after the removal of aspartate from the medium. Moreover, the tumbling frequency was strongly related to the localization of the sensor protein in a cell. The results indicate that the change of the spatial localization of sensor protein, which was inherited for more than three generations, may contribute to cells, motility as the inheritable information.

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    • Attractant binding alters arrangement of chemoreceptor dimers within its cluster at a cell pole Peer-reviewed

      M Homma, D Shiomi, M Homma, Kawagishi, I

      PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA101 ( 10 ) 3462 - 3467   3 2004

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      Many sensory systems involve multiple steps of signal amplification to produce a significant response. One such mechanism may be the clustering of transmembrane receptors. In bacterial chemotaxis, where a stoichiometric His-Asp phosphorelay from the kinase CheA to the response regulator CheY plays a central role, the chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins) cluster together with CheA and the adaptor CheW, at a pole of a rod-shaped cell. This clustering led to a proposal that signal amplification occurs through an interaction between chemoreceptor homodimers. Here, by using in vivo disulfide crosslinking assays, we examined an interdimer interaction of the aspartate chemoreceptor (Tar). Two cysteine residues were introduced into Tar: one at the subunit interface and the other at the external surface of the dimer. Crosslinked dimers and higher oligomers (especially a deduced hexamer) were detected and their abundance depended on CheA and CheW. The ligand aspartate significantly reduced the amounts of higher oligomers but did not affect the polar localization of Tar-GFP. Thus, the binding of aspartate alters the rate of collisions between Tar dimers in assembled signaling complexes, most likely due to a change in the relative positions or trajectories of the dimers. These collisions could occur within a trimer-of dimers predicted by crystallography, or between such trimers. These results are consistent with the proposal that the interaction of chemoreceptor dimers is involved in signal transduction.

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    • 3P213 Simultaneous measurement of dynamics of sensor-protein localization and motility behavior in individual Escherichia coli cells

      Inoue I., Shiomi D., Kawagishi I., Yasuda K.

      Seibutsu Butsuri44   S243   2004

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      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.44.S243_1

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    • 2P144 Subcellular localization of the redox sensor Aer of Escherichia coli and its interaction with the chemoreceptor

      Obata Y., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri44   S145   2004

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.44.S145_4

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    • 2P142 Polar and helical localization of the chemoreceptor in an Escherichia coli cell

      Yoshimoto M., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri44   S145   2004

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.44.S145_2

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    • 2P143 Negative feedback through the localization control of the receptor methylesterase CheB in the bacterial chemotaxis

      Banno S., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri44   S145   2004

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.44.S145_3

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    • Measurement of sensor-protein dynamics in bacterial cytoplasm by use of the on-chip single cell observation system.

      Inoue I., Wakamoto Y., Shiomi D., Kawagishi I., Yasuda K.

      Seibutsu Butsuri43   S243   2003

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.43.S243_4

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    • Mechanism of targeting of the bacterial chemoreceptor to a cell pole.

      Shiomi D., Yoshimoto M., Irieda H., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri43   S106   2003

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.43.S106_4

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    • Does the aspartate chemoreceptor Tar amplify signals through its interdimer interaction?

      Homma M., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri43   S180   2003

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.43.S180_3

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    • Subcellular localization of the Aer in redox taxis of Escherichia coli.

      Obata Y., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri43   S153   2003

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.43.S153_1

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    • The recognition of the chemotactic receptor-kinase complex by the methylesterase CheB.

      Banno S., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri43   S153   2003

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.43.S153_3

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    • Dual recognition of the bacterial chemoreceptor by chemotaxis-specific domains of the CheR methyltransferase Peer-reviewed

      D Shiomi, IB Zhulin, M Homma, Kawagishi, I

      JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY277 ( 44 ) 42325 - 42333   11 2002

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      Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

      Adaptation to persisting stimulation is required for highly sensitive detection of temporal changes of stimuli, and often involves covalent modification of receptors. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand how a receptor and its cognate modifying enzyme(s) modulate each other through specific protein-protein interactions. In the chemotaxis of Escherichia coli, adaptation requires methylation of chemoreceptors (e.g. Tar) catalyzed by the CheR methyltransferase. CheR binds to the C-terminal NWETF sequence of a chemoreceptor that is distinct from the methylation sites. However, little is known about how CheR recognizes its methylation sites or how it is distributed in a cell. In this study, we used comparative genomics to demonstrate that the CheR chemotaxis methyltransferase contains three structurally and functionally distinct modules: (i) the catalytic domain common to a methyltransferase superfamily; (ii) the N-terminal domain; and (iii) the beta-subdomain of the catalytic domain, both of which are found exclusively in chemotaxis methyltransferases. The only evolutionary conserved motif specific to CheR is the positively charged face of helix alpha2 in the N-terminal domain. The disulfide cross-linking analysis suggested that this face interacts with the methylation helix of Tar. We also demonstrated that CheR localizes to receptor clusters at cell poles via interaction of the beta-subdomain with the NWETF sequence. Thus, the two chemotaxis-specific modules of CheR interact with distinct regions of the chemoreceptor for targeting to the receptor cluster and for recognition of the substrate sites, respectively.

      DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M202001200

      PubMed

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    • Intragenic suppressors of a mutation in the aspartate chemoreceptor gene that abolishes binding of the receptor to methyltransferase Peer-reviewed

      D Shiomi, M Homma, Kawagishi, I

      MICROBIOLOGY-SGM148   3265 - 3275   10 2002

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      Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY  

      In the chemotaxis of Escherichia coli, receptor methylation is the key process of adaptation. The methyltransferase CheR binds to the carboxy-terminal NWETF sequence of major chemoreceptors. The substitution of Ala for Trp of this sequence (W550A) of the aspartate chemoreceptor (Tar) abolishes its CheR-binding ability. In this study, six independent intragenic suppressors of the mutation were isolated. They were divided into two classes. Tar carrying the class I suppressors (G278A-L488M, T334A, G278A, G278C and A398T) showed signal biases toward tumbling, corresponding to increased activities of the receptor-associated histidine kinase CheA. These suppressors further reduced the unstimulated methylation level of Tar-W550A, but allowed slight but significant stimulation of methylation by aspartate. Some other CheA-activating mutations were also found to serve as class I suppressors. These results suggest that the class I suppressors compensate for the signal bias of Tar-W550A caused by its low methylation level and that the NWETF sequence is required primarily to maintain an appropriate level of methylation by increasing the local concentration of CheR around the receptor. The class 11 suppressor was a mutation in the termination codon (Op554W) resulting in the addition of 11 residues containing an xWxxF motif. This revertant Tar supported chemotaxis and was methylated almost as effectively as wild-type Tar. This effect was reversed by introducing a mutation in the xWxxF motif. These results reinforce the importance of the xWxxF motif and suggest that the motif does not have to be located at the extreme carboxy terminus.

      PubMed

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    • 1C900 Regulation of the bacterial chemoreceptor-kinase complex at cell poles.

      Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri42 ( 2 ) S19   2002

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.42.S19_3

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    • 1C0915 Polar localization of the chemotactic methylesterase CheB of Escherichia coli

      Banno S., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri42 ( 2 ) S19   2002

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.42.S19_4

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    • 1C1000 Analysis of the three homologs of the methltransferase CheR in Vibrio cholerae

      Hyakutake A., Nishioka N., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri42 ( 2 ) S20   2002

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.42.S20_3

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    • 1C0930 Effects of the methylation and the attractant on the interdimer interaction of the chemoreceptor of Escherichia coli

      Homma M., Shiomi D., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri42 ( 2 ) S20   2002

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.42.S20_1

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    • Effect of methylation of the chemoreceptor on its ligand-binding affinity and subcellular localization

      Sakamoto H, Shiomi D, Iwama T, Homma M, Kawagishi I

      Seibutsu Butsuri41   S138   2001

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.41.S138_1

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    • Subcellular localization of signaling proteins in adaptation of E.coli chemotaxis

      Shiomi D, Igor Zhulin, Homma M, Kawagishi I

      Seibutsu Butsuri41   S137   2001

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.41.S137_4

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    • The aspartate chemoreceptor Tar is effectively methylated by binding to the methyltransferase mainly through hydrophobic interaction Peer-reviewed

      D Shiomi, H Okumura, M Homma, Kawagishi, I

      MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY36 ( 1 ) 132 - 140   4 2000

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      Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD  

      In the chemotaxis of Escherichia coli, adaptation requires the methylation and demethylation of transmembrane receptors, which are catalysed by the methyltransferase CheR and the methylesterase CheB respectively. CheR binds to major chemoreceptors through their C-terminal motif NWETF, which is distinct from the methylation sites. In this study, we carried out a systematic mutagenesis of the pentapeptide sequence of Tar. Receptor methylation and adaptation were severely impaired by the alanine substitution of residue W550 and, to a lesser extent, by that of F553. Substitution of residues N549, E551 and T552 had only a slight or little effect. The defects of the W550A and F553A mutations were suppressed by high- and low-level overproduction of CheR respectively. Expression of a fusion protein containing the NWETF sequence, but not its W550A and F553A versions, inhibited chemotaxis of the Che(+) strain. In an in vitro assay, CheR bound to the wild-type version but not to the mutant versions. These results and further mutagenesis suggest that the hydrophobicity and the size of residues W550 and F553 are critical in the interaction with CheR, a conclusion that is consistent with the crystal structure of a CheR-NWETF complex. On the other hand, the negatively charged side chain of E551 and the polar side chains of N549 and T552 may not be strictly required, although the presence of a salt bridge and hydrogen bonds between these residues and residues from CheR has been noted in the co-crystal.

      DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01834.x

      PubMed

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    • Functional analysis of the bacterial methyltransferase CheR involved in chemotactic adaptation.

      Shiomi D., Zhulin Igor., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri40   S89   2000

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.40.S89_4

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    • Interaction between the bacterial chemoreceptor Tar and the methyltransferase CheR and its role in chemotactic adaptation

      Shiomi D., Furihata T., Sato K., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Seibutsu Butsuri39   S53   1999

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

      DOI: 10.2142/biophys.39.S53_3

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    Misc.

    • Mutational analysis of the methyltransferase-binding sequence of the bacterial chemoreceptor, which is critical for chemotactic adaptation

      SHIOMI Daisuke, OKUMURA Hisashi, HOMMA Michio, KAWAGISHI Ikuro

      The Japanese journal of taste and smell research5 ( 3 ) 527 - 528   1 12 1998

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Japanese Association for the Study of Taste and Smell  

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    • Mutational analysis of the carboxy-terminal sequence of the chemoreceptor that serves as the binding site for methyltransferase CheR

      Shiomi D., Okumura H., Homma M., Kawagishi I.

      Biophysics38 ( 2 ) S185   7 9 1998

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      Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

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    Presentations

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    Professional Memberships

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      日本ゲノム微生物学会

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      JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR BACTERIOLOGY

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    Research Projects

    • 合成細菌JCVI syn3.0B とゲノム操作を用いた細胞進化モデルの構築

      科学技術振興機構  CREST 

      宮田 真人, 研究者, 塩見 大輔

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      10 2019 - 3 2025

      Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

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    • Regulatory mechanisms of bacterial morphology by cytoskeletal proteins.

      Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 

      SHIOMI Daisuke

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      2015 - 2017

      Grant number:15H04731

      Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

      Grant amount:\9230000 ( Direct Cost: \7100000 、 Indirect Cost:\2130000 )

      Bacterial cell shape is regulated by cytoskeletal proteins which are homologs of eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins. In this study, we analyzed functions and subcellular localizations of MreB actin and its regulator protein RodZ. We found that compositions of phospholipids are important for subcellular localizations and motions of MreB. We also showed that RodZ self-interacts in the periplasmic domain. In addition, the transmembrane region of RodZ is vital for its function. We published two papers and a review in international scientific journals. We are now preparing one more paper to publish.

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    • バクテリア形態形成を制御する複合体の動態と機能解析

      文部科学省  科学研究費補助金(新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)) 

      塩見 大輔

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      2015 - 2016

      Grant number:15H01333

      Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

      Grant amount:\5850000 ( Direct Cost: \4500000 、 Indirect Cost:\1350000 )

      1. MreB,RodZタンパク質の細胞内動態解析 本年度はMreB-mCherryまたはGFP-RodZを発現する形態異常株においてこれらのタンパク質の動態を顕微鏡で観察することを計画した。細胞幅が細い変異株や太い変異株を用いて、それらの株におけるMreB-mCherryの動態を調べた。その結果、野生株に比べて細い株ではMreBは速く運動し、逆に、太い株ではMreBは野生株よりも遅く運動することを明らかにした。また、これらの株では一細胞当たりのペプチドグリカン量は変わらなかった。MreBの運動能の違いがペプチドグリカンの構造の違いを生み出し、その結果、細胞幅が異なるのかもしれない。
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      2. MreB複合体形成機構 MreBは細胞内で長いフィラメントを形成するという報告と、短いフィラメントあるいはクラスターを形成するという2つの相反する結果が報告されている。実際に、我々の研究室でも、MreBがどちらの状態も取り得ることを観察した。この原因を探るため、個々の細胞のMreBの発現量とMreBの局在を同時に観察する系を構築した。mreBプロモーターの制御下でgfpを発現するプラスミドを構築し、そのプラスミドをMreB-mCherryを発現する株に導入した。この株でGFPとmCherryの発現を同時観察した。その結果、MreBの発現量と局在のパターンに明確な相関は見出されなかった。次に、個々の細胞でのATP濃度の違いがMreBの局在パターンに違いをもたらしている可能性を考えた。ATP濃度はQUEENタンパク質で可視化することを試みた。残念ながら、本年度ではQUEENタンパク質を用いたATP濃度の可視化に成功しなかった。ATP濃度とMreBの局在パターンの関係の解析は今後も継続する予定である。

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    • バクテリア細胞骨格タンパク質複合体の構築と制御機構の解析

      文部科学省  科学研究費補助金(新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)) 

      塩見 大輔

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      2013 - 2014

      Grant number:25117528

      Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

      Grant amount:\10010000 ( Direct Cost: \7700000 、 Indirect Cost:\2310000 )

      大腸菌のような桿菌の形態を正しく形成するためには、細胞の短軸方向に沿って回転運動をするバクテリアアクチンMreBが必須である。MreBの重合を含めた機能発現にはその制御因子であるRodZが重要な役割を果たす。そこで、この形態形成に重要な回転する超分子複合体の機能や運動のメカニズムを明らかにするために、再構成系の構築を始めた。好熱菌Thermotoga martimaからMreBおよびRodZを精製した。MreBをAlexa488で標識し、これをリポソームに封入した。予備実験の段階ではあるが、MreBは膜に取り込まれた。そして、リポソーム内で膜全体に広がるもの、クラスターを形成するものが観察された。またRodZも同時に封入した場合、フィラメント様の構造も観察された。また、生体内でこの複合体を構成するタンパク質間相互作用を解析する光架橋実験系を立ち上げた。この実験系により、RodZタンパク質はペリプラズム領域で複数のタンパク質と相互作用することが明らかとなった。このようなタンパク質間相互作用と複合体の動態の関係の解析は今後の課題である。RodZタンパク質の解析も行った。膜タンパク質であるRodZは、膜直下に正電荷を持つアミノ酸を多く持つ。この領域にある正電荷をもつアミノ酸全てをアラニンに置換したが、RodZの機能に影響しなかった。したがって、正電荷は機能に関係しない。また、この領域をMalFタンパク質の細胞質領域と置き換えた。その結果、この領域のアミノ酸配列が必要なのではなく、領域の長さが必要であることが分かった。したがって、ある程度の長さを必要とするリンカーのような役割をしていることが推測された。

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    • Analyses of molecular mechanisms of regulation of bacterial shape by cytoskeletal protein complex.

      Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(若手研究(B)) 

      Daisuke SHIOMI

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      2012 - 2013

      Grant number:24770191

      Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

      Grant amount:\4550000 ( Direct Cost: \3500000 、 Indirect Cost:\1050000 )

      Purpose of this project was to understand molecular mechanism to regulate bacterial cell shape. Analyses of the suppressor mutants of the rodZ mutant suggested that RodZ regulates assembly of MreB filaments. This result was published in 2012. In order to analyze the importance of the positively-charged residues in the juxta-membrane domain, I introduced Alanine into the residues and deleted the domain. I found that the positively-charged residues is dispensable for the RodZ function while the length of the domain is critical. I also analyzes the interaction among proteins constituting supramolecular machinery, elongasome. I found that RodZ interacts with MreB, MreC, PBP2, and RodA and that there are two sub-complexes in the complex, that is, MreB/MreC and PBP2/RodA complexes. The results indicate that RodZ bridges the sub-complexes. I also applied site-specific in vivo photo crosslink assay to detect interaction between RodZ and other proteins. I could detect crosslinked products.

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    • Analysis of a mechanism of regulation of bacterial cell shape by a novel protein RodZ

      Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(若手研究(B)) 

      Daisuke SHIOMI

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      2010 - 2011

      Grant number:22770179

      Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

      Grant amount:\4290000 ( Direct Cost: \3300000 、 Indirect Cost:\990000 )

      I have shown that a novel protein RodZ colocalizes with MreB, a bacterial actin, and forms spirals along the long axis of the cell. Thus, we think that RodZ along with MreB regulates the cell length. I found in this study that RodZ localizes at midcell dependently on MreB and FtsZ, a bacterial tubulin. Cells producing RodZ which cannot localize at midcell are wider that cells producing WT RodZ, suggesting that RodZ regulates the cell width as well as the cell length.

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    • Analyses of a novel cell shape determinant in rod-shaped bacterium Escherichia coli.

      Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(若手研究(スタートアップ)) 

      Daisuke SHIOMI

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      2008 - 2009

      Grant number:20870039

      Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

      Grant amount:\3302000 ( Direct Cost: \2540000 、 Indirect Cost:\762000 )

      I identified a novel cytoskeletal membrane protein RodZ which regulates cell shape in rod-shaped bacterium E.coli. Cells lacking rodZ are round. It was suggested that RodZ regulates the cell length. Analyses of suppressor mutants of cells lacking rodZ revealed genetic interactions between RodZ and MreB (actin) or cell division machinery that includes FtsZ (tubulin), suggesting that all three cytoskeletal proteins in E.coli collaborate to determine cell shape.

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