Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University Publishing House  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人日本造園学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Seaweed-house buildings are mainly distributed over east sea coast in Shandong province of China. Previous researches indicate that a seaweed-house had been the most favorable house of people who lived in Rongcheng city since the New Stone Age. However, the traditional landscape of seaweed-house villages has been changing a lot these years. Seaweed-house villages have attracted more and more attention as traditional village of Shandong province in China. This study tried to make clear the landscape character of seaweed house villages' location and configuration. Moreover, it was discussed that what kind of factors affects the landscape character. 52 villages in Ningjin district RongchengCity, Shandong province of China are selected as object sites of the study. The relation between villages and the sea or rivers was investigated for understanding the landscape character of seaweed house villages' location. The shape of the houses was surveyed to try to have a grasp of the villages' figure. The results of the study show that 35 villages locate in the inland and 45 of those are distributed along the rivers. 70 percent of the seaweed house villages are located on the slope declining from north to south. Moreover, it is made clear that the orientation of houses is regular and dense houses compose square villages.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.77.473

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10035665174?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

This paper examines varieties and changes of represented natural landscape since the early 20th century, by surveying front cover photo collections of the "National park" magazines. The setting inside the pictures (e.g. the placement of human figures in the landscape, the number of respective elements in the picture, and so on) is assumed to indicate the changing tastes of modern populace as to natural landscape. According to the relationship between constituent elements of staffage and natural landscape, 107 staffage-parson photographs were classified into 8 types. In comparison with nature of natural environment in the photo, appearance or disappearance of the type reflected perceptions of natural landscape. During the first half of the 20th century, the rich natural environment was the place where people enjoy modern recreation activities. Yet, in the following periods, the natural landscape meant something even rarer and maybe holier. Then, the very massiveness and grandeur of the landscape came to be emphasized. Yet again, now, after 1990s, it is thought that the concept of nature consists both of wilderness and man-made environment.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.77.507

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Focusing on the term of Borrowed Scenery, this paper probes into the historic evolvement and variety of this term in Japanese gardening, in other words how this term started, evolved and changed from classical to modern times. The study here is mainly based on the literature survey on the topic of Borrowed Scenery. As a result of the survey into classical treatises before Meiji, the treatise of Cyocyukou of Muromachi is treated as the origin of the term. And then various concepts since modern times are reviewed. At the same time, the typical examples of gardens of Borrowed Scenery are summed up and the space composition is analyzed. Besides, the diffusion of the treatise of Yuan Ye in Japan is examined. Consequently, it is concluded that the term of Borrowed Scenery has been transmitted from China to Japan as the latest in Muromachi, in the field of gardening the term was obtained from Yuan Ye in Meiji, but afterward the concept of this term gradually departed from the origin and was summarized according to the character of Japanese gardens.

DOI： 10.5632/jilaonline.5.17

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

This study aims to clarify the changes of the relationship between green spaces and residents on Tamagawa Josui Green Way and to get hints on green preservation method. Changes of the relationship are considered by Policy changes, place changes and residents' consciousness changes. As the result of the study, from Edo era to 1950, Green Way was not intimate and was only visited for seeing cherry blossoms because Tamagawa Josui is at the edge of the villages. From 1950 to 1970, new community was created around Green Way through urban expansion. Green Way was very appreciated as a natural spot with images of Musashino by the immigrants. From 1970 to 1990, Green Way lost natural charm by artificial park construction and Tamagawa Josui drain. Residents started preservation activities. Since 1990, the image of Musashino with copses and canals revived on Green Way. In recent years cafes and concert houses appear along Green Way. Residents are enjoying Green Way in their daily life by designing their gardens or houses to melt into Green Way. As a result, it is suggested that the Tamagawa Josui scenic zone using the image of Musahino kept Green Way. When green space connects surround, residents tend to appreciate green spaces and to have daily relationship with green spaces.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.75.677

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10004840823?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Focusing on the term of Borrowed Scenery, this paper probes into the historic evolvement and variety of this term in Chinese gardening, in other words how this term started, evolved and changed from classical to modern times. The study here is mainly based on literature survey, which could be divided into three parts: etymologic, classical and modern literatures. On the other hand, the space composition related to the term of Borrowed Scenery is summarized in aspects of both visual and body feature. Then the characteristics of this term and historic variety are concluded. The Pavilion of Borrowed Scenery recorded by Huang Tingjian is the first example of this term, and it played an important role in the classical times, in which the devise to the visual medium became important. In modern studies since 1930s, this term is mainly grounded on the literature of Yuan Ye, and greatly influenced by modern scholars. As a result, the concept of Borrowed Scenery is expanded from small-scale to large-scale, from the field of garden to others, gradually close to the concept of View.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.74.389

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00369864749?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Chocolate Hills is a tourist spot in Bohol, Philippines. There are two viewing resorts offering two unique panoramic views of the hills. This study aims to investigate the landscape preference of tourists in its present condition and for future development. A survey was conducted on tourists in two viewing decks to identify the most interesting part in the existing panoramic view and evaluate the attractiveness and importance of the landscape elements in the present land use, and to determine the landscape expectation of tourists for reference in future developments. The informants were provided with a camera, a questionnaire and landscape illustrations as research tools during the survey. An area in the panoramic view was identified by tourists as the most interesting part of the panoramic view. The study suggests that special attention should be given to the identified part in the management of the landscape. Tourists gave equal importance to hills (grasslands), forests, and farmlands, but expressed preference for viewing hills that are uncovered with trees. The reason of this preference, as a result of Correspondence Analysis, is to give emphasis on the physical characteristics of the features. This is supported by another part of the survey when tourists were asked to choose their preferred landscape from the different possible landscape illustrations.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.74.609

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00369865173?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Nowadays an idiom or a term Chinju-no-mori has been a symbolic word which refer to forests of Japanese shrines and their ecosystems. It is already known that this idiom/term is not an old word and had emerged in modern ages (Meiji, Taisho, and early Showa era) despite its connotation of Japanese traditional culture.However, any backgrounds of the birth of this term remain still unknown. To know the history of vocabularies related with landscape is one of the important issues for landscape planning and design,so this study tries to make clear the process and backgrounds of the birth and establishment of the term Chinju-no-mori in modern ages. The results are, 1)Chinju-no-mori is estimated to have been thought about and used by a novelist Tayama Katai in 1892 for the first time. 2)Tayama intended to depict some panoramic countryside landscapes with a landmark in mid-distance by Chinju-no-mori,under influences of the way of perceiving scenery in western literature. 3)Chinju-no-mori is estimated to have been established as a general word by the end of Meiji period, extending its meaning from shrine landscape to shrine itself, with some connotation of Japanese tradition or sacredness of holy space.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.73.671

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00351217799?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Japanese gardens had been widely created outside Japan and may also have generated various levels of awareness and impressions overseas. It is therefore interesting to study how foreigners understand Japanese gardens to unfold ideas for the future development of Japanese gardens outside Japan as instrument for cultural exchange. This study was conducted to determine and understand the awareness and impressions of Filipinos on Japanese gardens and analyze the factors of appreciation. A photo survey questionnaire was prepared using the semantic differential method. Japanese informants were also surveyed as the control treatment, while Filipino and Western informants in Japan as the comparative group. Results then were analyzed using factor and cluster analyses. The results showed that the individuals impression differ depending on ones exposure to Japanese garden. Filipinos who had visited Japanese gardens have had their impression based on the visual and emotional factors while those who had not, expressed their appreciation strongly on a visual level. Filipino and Western informants in Japan expressed similar results but still incomparable to Japanese informants results. Cluster analysis revealed that amongst the three types of Japanese gardens, Filipinos idea of a Japanese garden is strongly represented by the Hill-and-pond garden (Rinsen) type.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.73.447

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00351217331?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Spaces under elevated highway tracks are likely to be given negative images as dark, dirty, and low security spaces. So people tend to stay away from that kind of spaces. Nowadays, people recognize the Metropolitan Expressway (ME) as the negative heritage of rapid economic growth while its underneath spaces are still undeveloped. Therefore, this study tried to make clear the actual condition how people use a play lot built under the ME, on the basis of a survey on existing land use of underneath spaces of the ME along the tracks. Comparing to the ordinary play lot adjacent to the under-ME play lot, play activities were examined by observation, and accesses, frequency of using, staying time and evaluation for the play lot were examined by Questionnaires. As a result, it was observed that a under-ME play lot has some significance as "nitch" spaces where indoors-type activities like card games were remarkable. It can be said that some planning theories dealing with such kinds of usages of play lots or public parks are further needed in highly dense and sterically developed urban environments.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.72.845

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Other Link： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010772670

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

This study aims to examine the status quo of information about Japanese National Parks on the websites, and discuss how we can raise people's recognition of National Parks. In this study, the site-access quantity, search rank, and contents of each website related to National Parks were surveyed mainly, that are provided by many organizations of some groups. To add to them, the difference of National Park information between some groups of park-sites was surveyed. As a result, unbalance of contents between each group of sites, relative lowness of recognition of park-sites, and effectiveness of using sites of "local administrative organization" to raise recognition of National Park by providing information for users were shown. In addition, possibility to raise recognition of sites by various information, and importance of sharing roles of each park-site were suggested in this study.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.72.821

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Other Link： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010772665

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Manabu Miyoshi (1861-1939), one of the pioneers of plant biology in Japan, is also known as the inventor of the term "Keikan" which is well used nowadays among various scientific fields--geography, ecology, landscape design, etc. However, we're not sure what he meant by "Keikan" except a topic that he translated German term "Landschaft" to "Keikan", just as a comment by a famous geographer Taro Tsujimura.We need the correct knowledge about the original meanings of "Keikan" for transdisciplinary discussions on this ambiguous term "Keikan". The objectives of this paper is to make clear the meaning of the term "Keikan" by Miyoshi through analyses of the original texts by Miyoshi himself. As the result, following points were revealed. 1. "Keikan" was neither a translation of "Landschaft" nor other single term in Western word. 2. "Keikan" had both meanings of "Vegetations" and "Ansichten" in German. 3. "Keikan" was used for describing some environments with scientific observation and aesthetic admiration under an influence of physiognomic way of thinking by Alexander von Humboldt. 4. Miyoshi's concern for "Keikan" led him to the action for protection of natural monuments in Japan. 5. "Keikan" was first used in 1902 by Miyoshi, and also was introduced as general word by public education soon.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.71.433

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00313917460?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

This study aims to examine and discuss how public parks are appealed with relation to their conditions of house price and environment. For surveying some expectations for public parks, an informational magazine of free paper was used with some assumptions that the expectation is reflected in the housing market to some extent. First, contents of descriptions of parks were extracted from each propertys article and classified to some park types according to the similarities of the descriptions. Next, the relations between appeal points of parks and conditions of house price and environment (house price, distance from station to house, distance from house to park, area of park, etc.) were examined by each park types. As the result, 8 types of description of park were extracted. And differences in the descriptions for park function were observed with relation to the house price. It can be said that both of local governments and private developers need to keep providing qualities and quantities of public parks with paying attentions for such kinds of differences of expectations for park.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.71.611

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00313917859?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Street tree as the city planning were imported from Western countries in the Meiji era, and it is not clear that how people had been involved with street tree and the new landscape represented in street tree.The purpose of this research is to know how local residents had been involved with development and management of street tree in Tokyo. Newspaper articles from the Meiji era to the end of World War II in which street tree is referred were analyzed. In the Meiji era, local government started to plant street tree and also local residents had voluntarily planted and managed street tree such as cherry blossom, willow tree and other Japanese native trees, as a continued custom from the Edo era. The proposal of improvement of street tree was presented by Yasumi Sirasawa and Hayato Fukuba in 1907 and new kinds of street tree like ginkgo and plane tree had been planted. After that, laws and ordinances of road and street had been established. Street tree had been regarded as a facility developed and managed by local government, and development and management of street tree by local residents had been rarely done. In the Showa era, local government asked local residents for management of street tree in order to improve poor development and maintenance, and local residents had come to manage street tree again.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.71.769

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

Landscape became one of objects as national monuments from 1911 to 1929, when various activities of preservation had started. At the beginning, landscape was one of many monuments to be preserved. Concepts of landscape were belonged to natural monuments in 1914. From 1915 to 1920, categories of national monuments had been discussed. Through the discussions, landscape shifted its position from natural monuments to meisho, which originally means a place of scenic beauty. On the other hand, natural monuments include Natural Reserve as preservation area. In 1927, new perceptions of landscapes, which focused on natural geography, were spread over to Japan. Under the influence, those new types of landscapes were designated as "natural monument and meisho", which indicates Natural Reserves. It shows very complicated situation for landscape as a national monuments. Along these transitions, aim of preservation also changed from development to strict preservation. Those facts suggest difficulty of creating system for preservation of landscape. In these days landscapes of Satoyama have been paid attentions as new categories both in natural parks and national monuments. Systems of how to preserve those landscapes are now developing, though difficulties of setting landscapes as objects for preservation must be unchanged.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.67.597

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00135866

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The City Planning Institute of Japan  

In a process of developing tourist sites, existing resources are encoded as consumer signs for tourists. Shirakawa-mura became a tourist destination in 1970's affected by "Discover Japan Campaign", and it is also a village governors' intention at a same time. General cognition of tourism resources has been transformed from fossil historic resource to living historic buildings; and it causes transformation of resources selected by local administration. After approved as a tourism site, local administration has constructed many facilities for tourists, however, they have not been encoded as consuming object for tourists. It is essential for tourism planning to be aware the interrelationship between tourist "gazes" and self-identification

DOI： 10.11361/journalcpij.38.3.679

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

This paper deals with public bath "Sentoh" in Nerima, Tokyo which has been utilized by urban residents The purpose of this study is 1) to seize location of it under suburbanization after the war and 2) to make clear behaviorial spatial order through physical spatial formation around it The former analysis of the study focused on the hierarchy of road and the accumulation of housing while the latter one focused on the distribution and the business status of stores. From the analysis, we found that public bath "Sentoh" shows tendency to locate in the center of commercial facilities which people stay for longer time and it plays an important part as frontier of urban communities' expansion, and so on.

DOI： 10.5632/jila.63.735

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00375628106?from=CiNii

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)   Publisher：一般財団法人建築保全センター  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：立教大学観光学部  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)   Publisher：一般財団法人 建築保全センター  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：明治神宮国際神道文化研究所  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：明治神宮国際神道文化研究所  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：社団法人日本造園学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)   Publisher：東京都公園協会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本観光研究学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本造園学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  

CiNii Article

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：Japanese Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：English Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese Book type：Scholarly book

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