Language：Japanese   Publisher：Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo  

DOI： 10.34607/jssiss.72.1_129

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：NATL TAX ASSOC  

This paper provides an overview of the Japanese government's response to the COVID-19 crisis in terms of the fiscal measures taken between January and June 2020. As the crisis intensified, the government passed emergency budgets with a total value exceeding 10 percent of gross domestic product. One of the main programs was an unconditional cash transfer for households in the amount of 100,000 JPY (i.e., 909 USD) per resident. In addition, to prevent layoffs and bankruptcies, the government created and expanded various loan and subsidy programs to support firms and workers. Other existing social programs and local economic policies are also reviewed.

DOI： 10.17310/ntj.2020.3.12

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Though mass evacuation may increase the need for long-term care (LTC) services, how the need for LTC services increases and how the public LTC system affects it is not well understood. We evaluated changes in public LTC benefits for the people living in the mandatory evacuation areas established after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster and examined the roles of the universal LTC insurance system in Japan. METHODS: In order to evaluate the effect of the mandatory evacuation on LTC benefits, we examined the trends of LTC benefits in the Fukushima evacuation group and the nationwide non-evacuation group. We first decomposed per-elderly-individual benefits at the municipality level into the LTC certification rate and per-certified-individual benefits, and then implemented difference-in-differences analysis using these variables as outcomes. RESULTS: Per-elderly-individual benefits significantly increased from 2012 onward in the evacuation group, and this was explained by an increase in the certification rate rather than in per-certified-individual benefits. Increases in per-elderly-individual benefits and the certification rate in the post-disaster period were observed in all but the highest care level, and the corresponding outcomes for the highest care level decreased immediately after the disaster. We also found that the increase in the certification rate had been mostly realized by an increase in the number of certified individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in LTC benefits can be associated with the impact of the increase in the number of people newly certified to receive LTC benefits after the mandatory evacuation. In order to cope with the increase in utilization of long-term care and associated costs after disasters in aging societies, both formal long-term care services and social support for informal care for evacuees should be considered important.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0218835

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO  

In a regression kink (RK) design with a finite sample, a confounding smooth nonlinear relationship between an assignment variable and an outcome variable around a threshold can be spuriously picked up as a kink and results in a biased estimate. In order to investigate how well RK designs handle such confounding nonlinearity, I firstly implement Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and then study the effect of fiscal equalization grants on local expenditure in Japan using an RK design. Results in both the MC simulations and the empirical application suggest that RK estimation without covariates can be easily biased, and this problem can be mitigated by adding observed covariates to the regressors. On the other hand, a smaller bandwidth or a higher-order polynomial, even a quadratic polynomial, tends to result in imprecise estimates although they may be able to reduce estimation bias. In sum, RK estimation with confounding nonlinearity often suffers from bias or imprecision, and estimates are credible only when relevant covariates are controlled for. I also examine how placebo RK estimation can effectively address these issues.

DOI： 10.1007/s00181-016-1155-8

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA  

Using a data set on housing sales transactions we explore the potential effect of the Fukushima disaster on housing prices in Sweden. In contrast to most earlier findings in other countries we do not find any disproportionate effect from the Fukushima disaster on housing prices in vicinity of nuclear power plants in Sweden. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/j.econlet.2017.02.017

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH  

We evaluate the impact of patient cost sharing on the use of dentures and subjective chewing ability exploiting a sharp reduction in the coinsurance rate, the percentage of costs born by the user, from 30% to 10% at the age of 70 with a regression discontinuity design. Using data from the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR), we find that the utilization rate of dentures increases from approximately 50% to 63% around the threshold, implying that the extensive margin elasticity of denture usage with respect to the coinsurance rate is about -0.41. In addition, we find this jump is almost entirely due to the change in the rate among women. On the other hand, we do not find a significant improvement in self-reported chewing ability, although chewing ability may not be the only social benefit from dentures. Our empirical findings are also confirmed by complementary analysis with randomization tests.

DOI： 10.1515/bejeap-2015-0194

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：家計経済研究所  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

This paper uses the synthetic control (SC) method to examine how the establishment of nuclear power facilities (NPFs) in Japan in the 1970s and 1980s has affected local per capita income levels in the municipalities in which they were localted (NPF municipalities). Eight quantitative case studies using the SC method clarify that the effects of NPF establishment on per capita taxable income levels are highly heterogeneous. The estimated effects are often economically meaningful and in some cases huge: the income level was 11% higher on average and 62% higher in one municipality in 2002 when compared with counterfactual units. On the other hand a few of the NPF municipalities have received only weak or negligible effects from NPF establishment. The post-estimation comparisons of employment between the NPF municipalities and the SC units suggest that the size of the direct labor demand shocks and subsequent indirect employment effects on nontradable service sectors have contributed to the increase in per capita income levels. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jue.2014.10.005

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：連合総合生活開発研究所  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東洋経済新報社  

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File： 190315Rengo_soken_jikohutan.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本評論社  

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File： Hotta_etal_2008_QOL_ALS.pdf

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Language：English  

File： Ando_etal_2007_Capability_ALS.pdf

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