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Astronomy education with the Mitaka system in science classes of elementary and junior high schools
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
4 2020
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3 2024
Grant number:20K03276
Grant amount:\3120000
(
Direct Cost: \2400000
、
Indirect Cost:\720000
)
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相対論的衝撃波における電子加速機構についての磁化強度σに対する包括的研究
日本学術振興会
科学研究費助成事業
松本 洋介, 星野 真弘, 加藤 恒彦
4 2017
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3 2021
Grant number:17H02877
Grant amount:\18980000
(
Direct Cost: \14600000
、
Indirect Cost:\4380000
)
これまでは、陽電子・電子系における相対論的衝撃波のシミュレーション研究によって、上流磁場の強度にかかわらず、普遍的に衝撃波面からの電磁波放射が起きることを明らかにしてきた。本年度においては、イオン・電子系における相対論的衝撃波の2次元PICシミュレーションによる研究を行った。
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これまでと同様に、複数の上流磁化強度における電磁波放射強度の違いについて調べた。その結果、陽電子・電子系と同じく普遍的に電磁波放射が起きることを確認できた。さらに、予想外な結果も得られた。イオン・電子系では高強度の電磁波放射が伝搬するに連れ、航跡場(wakefield)が励起される。この強い静電場によって電子がエネルギーを得ることで、陽電子・電子系よりもイオン電子質量比倍強い電磁波放射が励起されることが明らかになった。また、最も高強度に励起される磁化強度の条件も質量比によって違うことが明らかになった。本成果は多次元衝撃波において高強度の電磁波放射を示した世界初の例であり、その成果はThe Astrophysical Journal誌に速報として掲載された(Iwamoto et al., ApJL, 2019)。
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前年度行った世界初の3次元ワイベル不安定についてさらに複数のパラメタの下での磁場飽和強度についてまとめた。電流方向に卓越するキンク不安定との競合過程を議論し、相対論的な状況においてはキンク不安定による散逸に打ち勝って強い磁場を維持することが可能であることを議論した。本成果はThe Astrophysical Journal誌に掲載された(Takamoto et al., ApJ, 2019)。
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Astronomy education with planetarium and related software in school classes
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Matsumura Masafumi
4 2016
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3 2020
Grant number:16K00969
Grant amount:\3250000
(
Direct Cost: \2500000
、
Indirect Cost:\750000
)
We have studied astronomy education in classes of schools, with using digital planetarium or planetarium software.
We first investigated programs for school students in several planetariums in Japan. We found that the Suginami Science Center had provided a special method with which students could make sketches of diurnal motion of astronomical objects in sky.
We then studied the effect of using Mitaka, developed by the NAOJ 4D2U project, in classes of the Milky Way galaxy in junior high schools. We found that the students were more interested in the Universe if they used Mitaka.
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Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Electron-Positron Collisionless Shocks
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Kato Tsunehiko
4 2012
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3 2016
Grant number:24540277
Grant amount:\4550000
(
Direct Cost: \3500000
、
Indirect Cost:\1050000
)
We investigate formation of collisionless shocks and particle acceleration mechanism operating around those shocks with large-scale plasma particle simulations. We show that large amplitude electromagnetic waves with strong magnetic field fluctuations are generated in the upstream region of the shock, a part of plasma particles are accelerated to high energies around the shock front and form power-law like energy spectra, and this particle acceleration mechanism is a fast Fermi-type mechanism in which accelerated particles go back and forth around the shock front within the times of the order of their gyro periods. In addition, we study some numerical problems in plasma particle simulation method which can occur especially in simulations of particle acceleration in collisionless shocks.
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Study of collisionless shocks, particle acceleration and magnetic field generation by using large-scale plasma particle simulation
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
TSUNEHIKO Kato
2010
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2011
Grant number:22740164
Grant amount:\3120000
(
Direct Cost: \2400000
、
Indirect Cost:\720000
)
By using large-scale plasma particle simulations, we study high-Mach number collisionless shocks in weakly magnetized electron-proton plasmas, which are frequently driven in a variety of astrophysical environment, such as supernova remnants. It is shown that the Weibel instability is driven in the shock transition region even in perpendicular shocks, and then, turbulent magnetic fields are generated by this instability in the transition region and the downstream region. It is also found that in quasi-parallel shocks a particle acceleration mechanism similar to the Fermi acceleration works and efficiently generates high-energy particles with a power-law energy spectrum.
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Collisionless shock generation using high-power laser produced super-sonic plasma jet
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
SAKAWA Youichi, KURAMITSU Yasuhiro, KATO Tsunehiko, TAKABE Hideaki, YONEDA Hitoki, OZAKI Norimasa, KODAMA Ryousuke
2009
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2011
Grant number:21340172
Grant amount:\17810000
(
Direct Cost: \13700000
、
Indirect Cost:\4110000
)
Collisionless shochs are generated in high-speed counter-streaming plasma flows produced by irradiating high-power laser beams of Gekko XII HIPER laser system on a CH double-plane target with 4. 6mm in separation. The plasmas and shocks are diagnosed by shadowgraphy, interferometry, and self-emission measurements using ICCD cameras and streak cameras. Collisionless electrostatic shocks are generated in front of the fist CH plane where laser beams are irradiated. Thomson scattering ion-term measurements provide shock parameters, such as electron and ion temperatures, electron density, and flow velocities, both at the up-and down-stream of a shock.
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Study of collisionless shocks and non-thermal particle acceleration by using particle-in-cell simulation
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
KATO Tsunehiko
2008
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2009
Grant number:20740136
Grant amount:\3380000
(
Direct Cost: \2600000
、
Indirect Cost:\780000
)
We investigated non-relativistic collisionless shocks in electron-ion plasmas which are driven, for example, around supernova remnants by using kinetic PIC simulations. It was shown that in unmagnetized plasmas a certain kind of collisionless shock in which the Weibel instability provides the effective dissipation mechanism for the collisionless shock is formed. On the other hand, in weakly magnetized plasmas, it was shown that the magnetic fields generated by the Weibel instability also becomes important and lead to the generation of filamentary structures in the upstream region and of tangle magnetic fields in the downstream region.
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Study of Collisionless Shock and Particle Acceleration with Intense Lasers
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
TAKABE Hideaki, SAKAWA Youichi, KATOU Tsunehiko, KURAMITSU Yasuhiro, KODAMA Ryousuke, NAKAI Mitsuo, SHIGEMORI Keisuke, SANO Takayoshi, KINDO Koichi, HOSHINO Masahiro, TAKAHARA Fumio
2005
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2008
Grant number:17204052
Grant amount:\47710000
(
Direct Cost: \36700000
、
Indirect Cost:\11010000
)
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