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4 2017 - 3 2021

Grant number：17K12297

Grant amount：\4680000 （ Direct Cost: \3600000 、 Indirect Cost：\1080000 ）

The purpose of this study was to clarify issues that childrearing support groups face when providing support, with the aim of developing an antenatal childrearing support program (based on an Australian empathy session) in collaboration with the groups and to seek ways to improve the quality of the support they provide. We worked with five childrearing support groups throughout Japan and held meetings with them about their current activities, hopes for the future, and issues related to implementing a new childrearing support program targeting expectant couples. After conducting a training session for the groups’ key service providers, the groups started implementing the program. Group meetings were then held to discuss their impressions of the program and areas for improvement. Based on these discussions, we created a manual booklet for the antenatal childrearing support program.

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4 2014 - 3 2019

Grant number：26285115

Grant amount：\15600000 （ Direct Cost: \12000000 、 Indirect Cost：\3600000 ）

This research has examined how effective the youth policies and the support programs currently available are for the purpose of providing the security for the lives of young people from disadvantaged backgrounds with multiple obstacles. Four issues have been identified as the result: (a) the responsibility for young people is generally assumed to be of their parents; (b) youth issues are considered to be personal problems; (c) high percentage of unclaimed benefits amongst the entitled; and (d) insufficient support for young people to build independent lives. The result indicates that the current youth support policies are strategies for addressing various issues that young people are facing as separate, unrelated problems and not the policies to ensure young people the basic human rights to which they are all entitled. The research has also identified the shortages of high quality human resources in the field.

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4 2015 - 3 2018

Grant number：15H01922

Grant amount：\18720000 （ Direct Cost: \14400000 、 Indirect Cost：\4320000 ）

Most acts of violence are often taken place behind the closet doors and hidden in the society. The researchers conducted the survey on violence against women in Kansai region in 2016. This survey is a Japanese version of the “survey on women’s well-being and safety” that had been conducted by FRA in 28 EU member States in 2012. One of the most significant findings is that, among 53 Japanese women who were physically or sexually abused by partners, none of them reported the incidents to the police, compared with 14 percent of victims who reported to the police in the EU (The ratio of violence reported from non-partners was about the same among Japanese and EU women, at 12 and 13 percent respectively). Apparently people tend to refrain from reporting domestic abuse to the police in Japan. This finding implies that neighbors who notice the incident are strongly encouraged to report it to the local authorities such as the police.

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4 2014 - 3 2017

Grant number：26380947

Grant amount：\4680000 （ Direct Cost: \3600000 、 Indirect Cost：\1080000 ）

Drug users are basically considered as criminals in Japan and community-based treatment is quite limited. The aim of this study is to develop a community-based treatment program for substance use disorders to be delivered in medical institutions and self-help groups.
A cognitive-behavioral treatment program was developed based on the previously developed prison-based program, the Japanese Matrix Program (J-MAT), considering the feasibility in community and specific treatment needs of drug users.

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4 2010 - 3 2014

Grant number：22330151

Grant amount：\17160000 （ Direct Cost: \13200000 、 Indirect Cost：\3960000 ）

Transition from education to employment is generally recognised today as one of the major obstacles for young people's progression in life. It is worth noting, however, that this obstacle is experienced almost exclusively by one particular group of young people: those who come from broken families and/or socially disadvantaged background. These young people are often underachievers at school and if they are employed, they are likely to be unfairly treated at workplace. Compared with Holland, Australia, United Kingdom, and Finland, the system of social security that helps young people to become independent is almost non-existence in Japan. Youth services that focus on specific needs are valuable, in order to address the issue of exclusion, it is essential to establish a youth policy of wider scope that has empowerment of young people and their social participation in its centre.

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4 2010 - 3 2014

Grant number：22530754

Grant amount：\3770000 （ Direct Cost: \2900000 、 Indirect Cost：\870000 ）

This study is to develop a treatment program (J-MAT program) for methamphetamine users based on the Matrix program developed in the US. The program was designed to address drug craving which is one of the most important risk factors for relapse. A randomized controlled trial, which is the most rigorous method was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the J-MAT. 60 prison inmates with methamphetamine charges participated in the trial. The results indicated that coping skills of the treated prisoners significantly improved. This results suggested the effectiveness of the J-MAT.

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2010 - 2012

Grant number：22243006

Grant amount：\21060000 （ Direct Cost: \16200000 、 Indirect Cost：\4860000 ）

This study aims to develop the survey method for Japanese Crime Victimization Survey in order to secure accurate information of crime patterns and trends. The nationwide surveys employing the two different methods (i.e., the home visit survey and the Internet survey) were conducted. The results show that the Internet survey is not appropriate to predict the occurrence probability in the general population such as the rates for vehicle-related crime victimization.

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2009 - 2011

Grant number：21689019

Grant amount：\6890000 （ Direct Cost: \5300000 、 Indirect Cost：\1590000 ）

Our bilateral research project between Japan and Vietnam was conducted under close ollaboration with local municipalities in Fukushima prefecture in Japan and ffiliated hospitals of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City in ietnam. Based on collected epidemiological data on parenting, we adapted the ustralian antenatal parenting program to Japanese and Vietnamese public service ettings, and confirmed program feasibility and acceptability in both countries. We lso adapted the Canadian postnatal parenting program, and reported short-term ositive program impact on Japanese mothers' mental health and a need for long-term upport among them. In Vietnam, we carried out a pilot trial and confirmed program easibility and acceptability.

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2007 - 2009

Grant number：19330110

Grant amount：\17940000 （ Direct Cost: \13800000 、 Indirect Cost：\4140000 ）

This research identified the current status of the youth generations who are facing with difficulties of transition to adulthood and its social policy through the international comparative research. The survey was implemented mainly in Europe and Oceania. Through its comparative survey, this research critically examined the effectiveness of 2000's youth support policy in Japan for the youth generations who were in the most disadvantage conditions of the labor market. From this examination, this research determined the need for constructing the comprehensive support system and transitional labor market.

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2005 - 2007

Grant number：17653048

Grant amount：\3300000 （ Direct Cost: \3300000 ）

割れ窓理論によると、町のわすかな「秩序の乱れ(例えは、落書きや放置された建物なと)」が地域住民の不安・無力感を喚起し、地域に対する働きかけが減少することで、より重大な犯罪を引き起こすとされる。本研究は、静岡県のある2地域において、割れ窓理論に基づく介入(清掃およびパトロール活動)を各地域4ヶ月弱ずつ時期をずらして実施し、その効果を比較した日本で初めての分析である。
研究最終年度の本年度は、これまでの研究で得たデータの分析を行った。主な分析内容と結果は以下の通りである。
1.各地域への介入の効果をオッズ比により検討した。分析結果から、(1)全刑法犯に対しては介入の効果は無いかあるいは逆効果がありえる、(2)屋内刑法犯に対しては介入の効果がありえる、(3)屋外刑法犯に対しては介入の効果が無いかあるいは逆効果がありえることが明らかになった。ただし、この分析は、統計的有意性検定ではない。
2.次に、犯罪件数の増減が、介入の有無によるものかどうかとの有意性検定を行うため、ログリニア分析を行った。複数のモデルを分析したが、いずれの分析においても、地域のもともとの犯罪発生水準あるいは時期的な変動による有意な影響しか認められず、介入の有無による有意差は認められなかった。
現段階での分析結果から、割れ窓理論に基づく介入(ゴミ拾いや落書き消しなど)は犯罪を有意に減少させるには至らないという知見が得られた。つまり、直接的な犯罪抑止効果は無かった。今後は、間接的な効果に焦点を当ててさらに分析を進めることが課題となる。

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2007

Grant type：Competitive

犯罪者・非行者がいかにして立ち直るかを明らかにすることで、よりよい支援を行う

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2003 - 2004

Grant number：15653070

Grant amount：\3600000 （ Direct Cost: \3600000 ）

1.メタ・アナラシス、Evidence-based Practice (Policy)およびキャンベル共同計画関連の論文、資料翻訳などからなる下記報告書(A4判 266頁)を研究代表者・分担者が執筆し刊行した。
I エビデンス共有の世界的動き:キャンベル共同計画とコクラン共同計画
1)キャンベル共同計画の概要(津富宏)
2)日本におけるコクラン共同計画のあゆみ-日本のキャンベル共同計画の発展へのアドバイス-(津谷喜一郎)
II キャンベル共同計画と系統的レビュー
1)キャンベル共同計画刑事司法領域の動向(島田貴仁)
2)キャンベル共同計画社会福祉領域の動向(菊澤佐江子)
3)キャンベル共同計画教育領域の動向(岩崎久美子)
III 教育研究におけるエビデンス
1)教育研究における系統的レビューの可能性-先行研究の検討を中心に-(塚原修一)
2)標準プロトコルによる教育学知識の国際的共有化の可能性に関する研究(野村和)
3)実証研究に基づく政策と実践(Evidence based Policy and Practice)を求める社会的背景(岩崎久美子)
4)エビデンスに裏付けられた教育実践を識別する手引きについて(河合久)
5)What Works Clearinghouse (WWC)による、教育における「証拠に基づいた(Evidence-based)」研究の系統的レビューの例の紹介(山田兼尚)
2.キャンベル共同計画で用いるメタ・アナラシスなどの技法を、研究分担者(立田慶裕、岩崎久美子、津富宏)が下記書籍に分担執筆し紹介した。
立田慶裕編著『教育研究ハンドブック』世界思想社 2005年2月刊行

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2000 - 2003

Grant number：12301012

Grant amount：\43600000 （ Direct Cost: \34900000 、 Indirect Cost：\8700000 ）

1.There was a big differences between Japan and Australia among people in terms of the public attitude on the for or against the new way of conflict resolution as restorative justice.
2.Although the new system was implemented formally in Australia since 1997, unfortunately there are few results to evaluate the results of the system.
3.In Japan, we do not have any implementation of the new system of conflict resolution formally, but we have a few tentative experiments of the system (juvenile training center, probation office, NPO and police. We are to expect a lot on the trials in Japan.
4.We did a comparative research between two countries, at the same time in Japan we did the research for the prisoners, probation officers, police officers, and bar association members.
5.In addition to the comparative research between two countries, we did the research for the Japanese practitioners as bar officers, probation officers, police officers, social/mental officers. But the data analysis is now in process, therefore the result of the research is not found.

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2000 - 2002

Grant number：12837004

Grant amount：\3700000 （ Direct Cost: \3700000 ）

The restorative way of justice (the rj is called for short) stated in this report aims to restore harmony between people and relations based upon a feeling that pressing matters of injustice has been dressed and a unique existence of each stakeholders has been vindicated. The prevention of subsequent delinquency of a juvenile delinquent will become an attempt of a restorative program for the moment if he or she who is referred to juvenile justice is applied to that program. Its primary objective, however, seems to satisfy crime victims' needs, so they should not be used as an instrument for rehabilitating him or her
The rj has not been institutionalized officially in Japan and one agency for promoting the rj in community was recently established in Chiba prefecture. We report several cases which have tentatively done the rj. A questionnaire asking a likelihood of subsequent delinquency was administered after watching video film which shows the family group conferencing involving one released juvenile from US reformatory school. The limited sample includes a few numbers of juvenile offenders committed in juvenile training schools or under probation, practitioners in juvenile justice system and college students. High percentage of respondents accepted a preventive effect of subsequent delinquency by the rj. According to the results of a questionnaire to general public much more respondents answered affirmatively for the same question than negatively
Juvenile delinquency is believed to be brought by multiple complicated factors, therefore it should not be concluded that juvenile offenders desist completely from further delinquency immediately after one administration of the rj. Professor J. Braithwaite suggests 1. reintegrative shaming theoiy, 2. procedural justice theory, 3, the theory of unacknowledged shame and 4. defiance theory as theoretical foundation for reducing subsequent delinquency. The rj seems to stimulate juveniles to build their new life not under coercion but with an internal motivation they hold in mind. The rj proposes the evidence-based reform, so that further needed are such researches in Japan as comparative analysis using big samples of the rj program and non-rj program, and a follow-up study of the many rj cases

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