Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s10546-007-9245-y

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10546-007-9245-y/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

The stable nocturnal boundary layer is commonly viewed or modelled as a balance between the temperature tendency (cooling) and vertical heat‐flux divergence. Sometimes the radiative‐flux divergence is also included. This perspective has dictated the design of field experiments for investigating stable nocturnal boundary layers.

Tower‐based micrometeorological data from three field campaigns are analysed to evaluate the vertically integrated sensible‐heat budget for nocturnal stable conditions. Our analysis indicates frequent occurrence of large imbalance between the temperature tendency and vertical heat‐flux divergence terms. The values of the radiative‐flux divergence are generally too small and sometimes of the wrong sign to explain the residual. An analysis of random flux errors and uncertainties in the tendency term indicate that such errors cannot explain large imbalances, suggesting the importance of advection of temperature or possibly the divergence of mesoscale fluxes. The implied role of advection is consistent with circumstantial evidence. Even weak surface heterogeneity can create significant horizontal gradients in stable boundary layers. However, it is shown that existing field data and observational strategy do not allow adequate evaluation of advection and mesoscale flux divergence terms. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society

DOI： 10.1256/qj.05.50

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.15017/26802

CiNii Article

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/26802

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Meteorological Society  

Abstract

Two sources of systematic errors are considered for estimating air temperature. The first source is ambiguity of the definition of the standardized measurement height over vegetated surfaces of varying heights. Without such a standardization, evaluation of the horizontal air temperature gradient is contaminated by the vertical variation of air temperature. This error is generally small in daytime unstable conditions, but increases with increasing stability at night. In an attempt to reduce such error, the use of the zero-plane displacement height for standardizing the measurement height is proposed.

The second source of systematic errors is radiative forcing on the sensor–shield systems. A series of experiments is performed over a grass field to investigate the radiatively induced error in the air temperature estimate by the Onset HOBO Pro thermistor in a naturally ventilated multiplate shield. The magnitude of this error is estimated by comparing air temperature measurements by a platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor in a mechanically aspirated shield. In contrast to the errors resulting from the first source, the radiatively induced error increases with increasing instability. An empirical model is developed for correcting the radiatively induced temperature error using information on wind speed and net or shortwave radiation. The robustness of the model is examined with independent data.

DOI： 10.1175/jtech1762.1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s10546-004-0857-1

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10546-004-0857-1/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1023/a:1019273314378

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1019273314378/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0168-1923(01)00250-7

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Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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