Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER INST PHYSICS  

We studied desorption of metastable atoms induced by electronic transitions in solid Ne by low energy electron impact. Time-of-flight spectra and the angular distribution of metastable atoms desorbed from the surface of an annealed sample showed increased kinetic energy, higher signal intensity, and a narrower angular distribution compared with those measured using an unannealed sample. These results were explained by considering the sample's surface conditions in the framework of the cavity ejection mechanism. Our results for annealed solid Ne showed that when the sample temperature increased from 5 to 7 K, the width of the angular distribution increased by about 10%. A simple trajectory calculation qualitatively reproduced our experimental results. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4743890]

DOI： 10.1063/1.4743890

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Ion-solid interactions are the foundation that underlies the numerous applications in the science and engineering fields. Rare gas solids are interesting materials for investigating the mechanism of the interactions because of their simplicity and because their electronic structures resemble those of isolated atoms. In this article, we introduce the results for the observation of the desorbed species from solid Ne by low energy Ar^{q+} ion (q = 1-7) impact.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Interactions between low-energy ions and solid rare gases have been investigated by observing desorbed ions. When low-energy ions were injected into solid Ne, we found that the kinetic energy of desorbed cluster ions significantly increased with irradiation time for a film thickness of several hundred monolayers. This result can be explained by charge-up (i.e., electronic holes) in the solid Ne. The kinetic energy of the desorbed ions is considered to be proportional to the number of holes created in the solid by the ion impacts. The solid's temperature effects on the desorbed-ion kinetic energy can be understood as a dependence on the diffusion rate of the holes. The temperature was controlled between 4.7 and 7.0 K. The activation energy of hole-hopping transport is estimated at 0.7 meV based on the slope of Arrhenius plots. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.12.048

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

We present the electron energy loss spectra of Ar clusters as a function of cluster size ranging from 120 to 3500 atoms/cluster. The intensity of the bulk excitation peak decreases for cluster sizes larger than 500 atoms/cluster. This characteristic feature can be explained based on a simple calculation that takes into account the mean free path of the incident electrons. The present study demonstrates the promise of surface-sensitive measurements of the excitation processes of clusters.

DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/288/1/012012

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

We investigated Ne(+) ions and Ne(n)(+) (n = 2-20) cluster ions desorbed from the surface of solid Ne by 1.0 keV Ar(+) ion impact. Kinetic energy analysis shows a considerably narrower energy distribution for Ne(n)(+) (n >= 3) ions than for Ne(n)(+) (n = 1, 2) ions. The dependence of ion yields on Ne film thickness indicates that cluster ions (n >= 3) are desorbed only from relatively thick films. We conclude that desorbed ions grow into large cluster ions during the outflow of deep bulk atoms to the vacuum.

DOI： 10.1088/0953-8984/22/47/475002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Physics Publishing  

Ion desorption from a condensed gas solid Ne impacted by singly- and multiply-charged Arq+ ions (q1-7) has been investigated. Various secondary ions such as cluster ions, Ne+ n (n2-20) as well as atomic ions are observed. Mass spectral patterns, thickness dependence of the yields, and kinetic energy distributions of the desorbed Ne+ n (n1,2) depend strongly on the projectile charge state. These results indicate that the dissipation of the projectile potential energy on the surface leads to the desorption of the monomer and small cluster ions by a Coulomb repulsion between adjacent target ions.

DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/194/13/132040

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We present the electron energy loss spectra for Ar clusters as a function of incident electron energy and of cluster size. In spectra measured with 100 eV incident electron energy the bulk excitation peak becomes visible for a mean cluster size above 170 atoms per cluster. For 250 eV incident electron energy the bulk excitation peak is clearly observable even for a mean cluster size of 120 atoms per cluster. These experimental results are qualitatively reproduced by a simple calculation that accounts for the mean free path of electrons in Ar clusters; i.e., the penetration depth of incident electrons into the cluster. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.05.074

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

Absolute sputtering yields from the surface of solid Ne by low energy He+ and Arq+ (1 <= q <= 6) impact are measured. Very large sputtering yields (300 atoms/ion for 1 keV He+ impact, and 3000 atoms/ion for 1keV Ar+ impact) have been observed. A significant dependence of the sputtering yields on the chage state, i.e. the potential energy, of the incident ion for Arq+ has not been observed because it is estimated to be much smaller than that of the kinetic sputtering, which suggests that the mechanism of potential sputtering is similar to those known for the electron- and photon-stimulated desorption processes.

DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/163/1/012083

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

Electron capture processes between low energy multi-charged ions and atoms are studied by an energy loss spectroscopy technique. Energy-loss spectra of charge-state-changed projectile ions scattered in the forward direction in collisions of Xeq+ (up to q=11) ions with He and Ar atoms have been measured at a collisional energy of 9 keV. The results are discussed using the classical over-barrier model.

DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/58/1/069

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This paper reviews our progress on the desorption induced by electronic transitions ( DIET) in rare gas solids by selective excitation of valence excitons. Observation of metastable atoms desorbed by excitonic excitation gives us direct information on the exciton-induced desorption processes in rare gas solids. The validity of three desorption mechanisms, cavity ejection, excimer dissociation, and internal sputtering, is demonstrated by systematic measurements of kinetic energies and angular distributions of desorbed particles. The absolute yield of total and partial desorption was measured, which can lead us to the quantitative understanding of exciton-induced desorption processes.

DOI： 10.1088/0953-8984/18/30/S10

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Physical Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.59.1.4.0_917_3

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DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.58.2.4.0_779_2

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DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.58.1.4.0_867_4

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Absolute yields of the photo-induced desorption at the surface of solid rare gases are studied in the excitonic excitation region. Both metastable and total desorption yields depend strongly on excitation energy and film thickness of rare gas solids. The absolute desorption yields and their dependence on film thickness are quantitatively reproduced by a simulation based on the diffusion of excitons in the bulk and the kinetic energy release by a cavity ejection mechanism and an excimer dissociation mechanism followed by internal sputtering. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.

DOI： 10.1063/1.1542446

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DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.57.1.4.0_868_4

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If a solid Ne surface is irradiated by 20-200 eV electrons or by 55-75 nm synchrotron radiation, Ne2* excimers in a 3Σu state are desorbed to form a luminescent “plume” in front of the sample. The kinetic energy of the desorbed excimers was found to be (0.2±0.1)eV, which indicates that the cavity ejection mechanism is valid for the excimer desorption. The decay with time of the plume emission is not of single exponential type, because the emission lifetime of the desorbed excimers, which is of the order of 10-6s, depends on their vibrational level. Most of them are in the highest vibrational level since desorption takes place much faster than vibrational relaxation. © 2001 The American Physical Society.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.075407

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Science B.V.  

Absolute yields of photo-induced desorption at the surface of solid Ne have been measured at wavelengths of incident light between 25 and 100 nm. There is a strong dependence of the total desorption yield of Ne on both the excitation energy and the thickness of Ne films. On a thick film, the desorption yield is 1-2 atoms per photon by bulk exciton excitation and 2-10 atoms per photon by bulk ionization. These values are quantitatively explained by an internal sputtering mechanism. By the surface exciton excitation, the yield is 0.1-0.3 atoms per photon, which value means that the desorption probability of the surface exciton is almost unity.

DOI： 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00019-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Absolute yields of photo-induced desorption at the surface of solid Ne have been measured at wavelengths of incident light between 25 and 100 nm. There is a strong dependence of the total desorption yield of Ne on both the excitation energy and the thickness of Ne films. On a thick him, the desorption yield is 1-2 atoms per photon by bulk exciton excitation and 2-10 atoms per photon by bulk ionization. These values are quantitatively explained by an internal sputtering mechanism. By the surface exciton excitation, the yield is 0.1-0.3 atoms per photon, which value means that the desorption probability of the surface exciton is almost unity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Vacuum Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.3131/jvsj.43.381

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：The Surface Science Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.1380/jsssj.20.665

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Vacuum Society of Japan  

We have developed an eXtremely-low-current Low Energy Electron Diffraction (XLEED) apparatus equipped with a micro-channel plate and a position-sensitive detector which reduces electron beam damage and charge-up effects and makes it possible to study the structure of physisorbed films. This XLEED system is combined with the ellipsometer system which monitors the thickness of a physisorbed film. We observed Xe overlayer on Ag (111) and grahpite (0001) surfaces. We found that a thick Xe films on Ag (111) showed a single crystal structure which keeps relative orientation to the substrate.

DOI： 10.3131/jvsj.41.452

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Institute of Physics Inc.  

The effect of physisorbed hydrogen on the desorption of metastable particles induced by electronic excitation from the surface of rare-gas solids (Ar, Kr, and Xe) was investigated systematically. When the surface of a rare-gas solid was exposed to a very small quantity of hydrogen at a temperature of about 30 K, in all cases, the desorption of hydrogen metastables was observed, and new desorption species of Kr* via cavity ejection process appeared in time-of-flight spectra for Kr. For Ar, although no significant increase of desorption yield was found, the kinetic energy of Ar* desorbed through cavity ejection process was increased by hydrogen adsorption. These results will be discussed in terms of the change of electron affinity of the matrix and the interaction between hydrogen and rare-gas molecules in excited states. © 1998 American Vacuum Society.

DOI： 10.1116/1.581281

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Recent progress of the Tokyo electron beam ion trap (Tokyo-EBIT) project is described. The Tokyo-EBIT is of an original design and construction with several features different from other EBITs in the world. The maximum energy and current of the electron beam are designed to be 340 keV and 300 mA with a magnetic field of 4.5 T. The ongoing and planned physics experiments are described and the results for the initial stage of operation of the Tokyo-EBIT are given. © 1998, American Institute of Physics. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1063/1.1148555

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Verlag  

Ion photodesorption from argon condensed as multilayers on a platinum substrate (from 3 to 200 monolayers) has been studied for photon energies varying from 20 to 100 eV. A large variety of excitation processes have been investigated throughout this energy range. These include the formation of exciton pairs, satellite states, and doubly and triply charged ions, and the simultaneous multiple excitation of two and three atoms. Kinetic energy measurements of mass-selected desorbed ions are also presented. This allows us to discuss in detail the ion-desorption dynamics. © Springer-Verlag 1998.

DOI： 10.1007/s003390050708

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Institute of Physics Inc.  

We have developed an experimental apparatus for in situ observation of a physisorption system on a metal surface by an ellipsometry and an electron diffraction. In order to observe a physisorption system and a thick insulator film, we have developed an extremely low-current low energy electron diffraction (XLEED) apparatus equipped with a microchannel plate and a position-sensitive detector in place of a phosphor screen in an ordinary LEED optics. The ellipsometric adsorption isotherms of Xe/Ag (111) at substrate temperatures between 50 and 80 K were obtained in the wide pressure range between 10-7 and 1 Pa. We observed the surface structure by XLEED while monitoring the layer growth by the ellipsometry from a submonolayer to a thick film where the equilibrium pressure was nearly equal to the bulk saturation vapor pressure. The Xe overlayer of a sufficiently thick film has clear (111) structure which keeps relative orientation to the Ag (111) substrate. © 1998 American Vacuum Society.

DOI： 10.1116/1.581480

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES  

We introduce the control and power supply system of the Electron Beam Ion Trap at the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES  

This article describes two data systems, primarily for use with X-ray detectors in conjunction with an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT). Both systems are designed from a common viewpoint that useful information should be presented in real-time whilst as much information as possible should be stored for subsequent off-line analysis.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES  

A beam line for transporting highly charged ions extracted from the Tokyo Electron Beam Ion Trap is being constructed in order to study ion-surface interactions and to inject into secondary ion traps for atomic physics experiments. A basic idea for the design and a computer modelling for the extraction system are described. The results of a test experiment to detect the total number of ions extracted from the EBIT are also reported.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES  

We have observed X-ray signals from He-like Ba and Ne-like W ions trapped in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at an electron beam energy of 19.9 keV. In the spectra, several transitions in Ne-like Ba and W ions and radiative recombination processes (RR) to n greater than or equal to 2 levels were observed These atoms were seeded by the cathode and were ionized in the trap region by electron impact. We have observed dielectronic recombination processes (DR) in Ne-like Xe.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES  

A new Electron Beam Ion Trap has recently been completed in Tokyo. The general features of the apparatus, design and operation are given. This paper also surveys the planned and ongoing experimental program.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Physical Society of Japan  

We have constructed a new Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT). Over recent months, we have operated this device and obtained some experimental results. In this paper, we show the performance of this EBIT by illustrating these results.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.66.3795

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DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyog.51.4.0_27_1

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Metastable atom desorption from a pure solid Ne and a solid Ne-Kr alloy has been systematically studied using a monochromatic synchrotron radiation. Refined time-of-flight spectrometer enabled us to investigate the desorption mechanism in more detail. Metastable Ne atoms desorbed through cavity ejection mechanism by the excitation of the first order surface, and the first and the second order bulk excitons are found to have almost the same kinetic energy, Ek = 0.18 ± 0.02 eV, while by 2p53p type surface exciton, Ek = 0.21 ± 0.02 eV. By the excitation of Ne bulk exciton in Ne-Kr alloy, effective excitonic energy transfer process has been observed, which results in the decrease of the Ne* desorption yield by the bulk excitation.

DOI： 10.1016/0368-2048(96)02932-5

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING  

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DOI： 10.3131/jvsj.38.414

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER INST PHYSICS  

We have developed a supersonic cluster beam source for the use of an electron-cluster crossed-beam experiment to study the electronic excitation processes in rare gas clusters. A cryopump is used for the differential pumping system instead of a diffusion pump, which is used in conventional cluster beam sources. The performance of this differential pumping system is examined. The size distribution in the cluster beam is estimated by measuring the kinetic energy and velocity distribution as a function of the stagnation pressure.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We have observed that electronic excitations of condensed Kr by low-energy electron impact resulted in the desorption of Kr+, Kr2+, Kr3+, and Kr2+ from the surface of solid Kr. The measurement of the impact energy dependence of Kr2+ desorption yields showed a threshold at an impact energy of 83 eV and the yield increased drastically at an impact energy between 100 and 120 eV. By referring to the excitation energy in the gas phase, these energies can be attributed to 4p-3 (triple), 3d-1 (inner shell), 3d(-1)4p-1nl (shake up), and 3d(-1)4p-1 (shake off) Kr atom ionizations. The results suggest that these Kr atom ionization processes are the primary excitation leading to the desorption of Kr2+ from the surface. The onsets of the desorption at the shake ionization energies were significant. We concluded that the interatomic Auger transition between a primarily excited atom and a neighbor neutral which follows 3d shake ionization of Kr plays an important role in the desorption process of Kr2+.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Vacuum Society of Japan  

When low-energy electrons or photons (10-1000 eV) impinge on a surface of a rare-gas solid (RGS), desorption of ions, neutrals, and molecules can occur together with other processes. The desorption is due to an initial electronic excitation and a subsequent transformation of the excitation energy into kinetic energy of a desorbed atom. This phenomenon is called DIET (desorption induced by electronic transitions) : DIET by electron impact and photon impact are well known as ESD (electron-stimulated desorption) and PSD (photonstimulated desorption), respectively. Few studies of DIET of ions from RGS have been reported. In the investigation of ESD of H<SUB>2</SUB> physisorbed on condensed Xe, Arakawa and Tuzi found that ESD of ions (Xe<SUP>+</SUP>, Xe<SUP>2+</SUP>) and neutrals from condensed Xe could occur. Sakurai <I>et al.</I> reported the PSD of ions from the surface of solid Ar, Kr, and Xe. Dujardin <I>et al.</I> reported that electronically excited ions (Ar<SUP>+*</SUP>) and doubly charged ions (Ar<SUP>2+</SUP>) might be primary excited states which lead to desorption of Ar<SUP>+</SUP> from solid Ar. Menzel reported that the desorption of singly and doubly charged Kr ions occurs due to core ionization. They suggested that the kinetic energy of a desorbed ion was caused by Coulomb repulsion between adjacent ions which were formed by charge exchange between an initial multiply excited atom and its ground-state neighbor or by the deexcitation of doubly charged ionic dimers.

DOI： 10.3131/jvsj.35.168

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DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyok.1992.2.0_529_2

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DOI： 10.3131/jvsj.35.168

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Multiply charged ions of Xe gases were produced through inner-shell photoionization by using synchrotron radiation, and were stored in an rf ion trap. The experimental apparatus for trapping and probing multiply charged ions is described, and results for the measurements on the mass spectra of trapped ions and lifetime of each charge state are presented.

DOI： 10.1063/1.1143078

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：AIP PRESS  

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DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyod.46.2.0_387_1

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Multiply charged ions of rare gases were produced through photoionization, using white synchrotron radiation from the accumulation ring of TRISTAN, and the ions were confined in an rf trap. Charge state distribution and lifetime of the stored ions were measured by time-of-flight detection. Confinement of Xe6+-Xe8+ was exhibited with the storage lifetime of several ms, which is limited by the high background pressure needed to accumulate sufficient ion intensity. © 1991 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.30.1899

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Physical Society of Japan  

The crossed ion-and-electron-beams technique has been used to measure the absolute cross sections for single ionization of F+, Ne+, Cl+ and Ar+ ions by electron impact, over the electron energy range from below threshold up to 1000 eV. For F+ and Cl + ions, the present experiment has provided the first absolute ionization cross sections. The measured cross sections for F+ and Ne+ ions are well reproduced with the semiempirical Lotz formula over the energy range investigated. The results for Cl+ and Ar + ions show more rapid rise from the threshold than the prediction of the Lotz formula, indicating the contribution of excitation-autoionization processes, and tend to be in good agreement with the Lotz formula at higher energies.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.58.3151

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The first observation of resonant structures is reported in the double ionization cross section in Ba+ as a function of electron-impact energy, which are attributable to the 4d-ionization and the 5s-ionization followed by the autoionization. A brief description of the experimental method and procedures is presented. A discussion is also presented to provide a solid foundation to the identification of the indirect processes concerned. Experimental results are compared with tentative results of the calculation using the distorted-wave Born exchange approximation by Younger. © 1987, THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.56.851

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Cross sections for single and double ionization of K+ and Na+ by electron impact have been measured as a function of electron energy from their respective threshold to approximately 1500 eV with the use of the electron-ion crossed-beam technique. The results for single ionization of Na+ and K+ are in good agreement with the previous crossed-beam data within the experimental uncertainties. Contributions from an autoionization and an L-shell direct ionization followed by autoionization (Auger effect) have been found in the results of single and double ionization cross sections for K+. © 1986, THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.55.1411

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