2024/10/07 更新

写真b

カヴァナ クリストファー
カヴァナ クリストファー M.
KAVANAGH, Christopher
*大学が定期的に情報更新している項目(その他は、researchmapの登録情報を転載)
所属*
現代心理学部 心理学科
現代心理学研究科 心理学専攻 博士課程前期課程
職名*
特任准教授
学位
Master of Science (MSc) ( University of Oxford ) / Master of Arts (MA) ( School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London ) / Doctorate of Philosophy (DPhil) ( University of Oxford ) / Bachelor of Arts (BA) ( School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London ) / Master of Arts (MA) ( School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London ) / Bachelor of Arts (BA) ( School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London )
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研究キーワード
  • Open Science

  • Emotions

  • Group Psychology

  • Ritual Psychology

  • Social Psychology

  • 学内職務経歴*
    • 2023年9月 - 現在 
      現代心理学部   心理学科   特任准教授
    • 2018年9月 - 現在 
      現代心理学研究科   心理学専攻 博士課程前期課程   特任准教授
     

    研究分野

    • 人文・社会 / 実験心理学

    • 人文・社会 / 社会心理学

    経歴

    • 2018年9月 - 現在 
      立教大学   現代心理学研究科 心理学専攻博士課程前期課程   特任准教授

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    • 2018年9月 - 現在 
      立教大学   現代心理学部 心理学科   特任准教授

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    論文

    • Outgroup threat and the emergence of cohesive groups: A cross-cultural examination

      Martin Lang, Dimitris Xygalatas, Christopher M. Kavanagh, Natalia Boccardi, Jamin Halberstadt, Chris Jackson, Mercedes Martinez, Paul Reddish, Eddie M. W. Tong, Alexandra Vazquez, Harvey Whitehouse, Maria Emilia Yamamoto, Masaki Yuki, Angel Gomez

      GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS25 ( 7 ) 1739 - 1759   2022年10月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD  

      Evolutionary models and empirical evidence suggest that outgroup threat is one of the strongest factors inducing group cohesion; however, little is known about the process of forming such cohesive groups. We investigated how outgroup threat galvanizes individuals to affiliate with others to form engaged units that are willing to act on behalf of their in-group. A total of 864 participants from six countries were randomly assigned to an outgroup threat, environmental threat, or no-threat condition. We measured the process of group formation through physical proximity and movement mirroring along with activity toward threat resolution, and found that outgroup threat induced activity and heightened mirroring in males. We also observed higher mirroring and proximity in participants who perceived the outgroup threat as a real danger, albeit the latter results were imprecisely estimated. Together, these findings help understand how sharing subtle behavioral cues influences collaborative aggregation of people under threat.

      DOI: 10.1177/13684302211016961

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    • The socio-psychological predictors of support for post-truth collective action

      Ali Mashuri, Idhamsyah Eka Putra, Christopher Kavanagh, Esti Zaduqisti, Fitri Sukmawati, Halimatus Sakdiah, Selviana Selviana

      JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY162 ( 4 ) 504 - 522   2022年7月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

      Politics in the current era are replete with unreliable media stories which lack evidence, sometimes disparagingly dubbed "fake news". A survey on a sample of Muslims in Indonesia (N = 518) in this work found that participants' endorsement of collective action in of support issues with little to no empirical evidence (i.e., post-truth collective action) increased as a function of their belief in fake news and prejudice against the outgroup (i.e., non-Muslims). Belief in fake news stemmed from participants' generic and specific conspiratorial thinking, whereas prejudice was positively predicted by relative Muslim prototypicality, denoting how much Muslims in Indonesia view that their group is more representative than non-Muslims of the superordinate Indonesian identity that encompasses both groups. Additionally, our findings revealed that generic conspiratorial thinking and relative Muslim prototypicality were positively predicted by collective narcissism, which in turn spurred participants' support for collective action by augmenting belief in fake news.

      DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1935678

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    • Reflections on the scientific study of religion after the first decade of Religion, Brain & Behavior

      David Rohr, Wesley J. Wildman, Richard Sosis, Joseph Bulbulia, Uffe Schjoedt, Joel Daniels, Christopher Kavanagh

      RELIGION BRAIN & BEHAVIOR10 ( 4 ) 359 - 364   2020年10月

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      記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

      DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2020.1831799

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    • Ritual morphospace revisited: the form, function and factor structure of ritual practice

      Rohan Kapitany, Christopher Kavanagh, Harvey Whitehouse

      PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES375 ( 1805 )   2020年8月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ROYAL SOC  

      Human rituals exhibit bewildering diversity, from the Mauritian Kavadi to Catholic communion. Is this diversity infinitely plastic or are there some general dimensions along which ritual features vary? We analyse two cross-cultural datasets: one drawn from the anthropological record and another novel contemporary dataset, to examine whether a consistent underlying set of latent dimensions in ritual structure and experiences can be detected. First, we conduct a factor analysis on 651 rituals from 74 cultural groups, in which 102 binary variables are coded. We find a reliable set of dimensions emerged, which provide potential candidates for foundational elements of ritual form. Notably, we find that the expression of features associated with dysphoric and euphoric experiences in rituals appears to be largely orthogonal. Second, we follow-up with a pre-registered factor analysis examining contemporary ritual experiences of 779 individuals from Japan, India and the US. We find supporting evidence that ritual experiences are clustered in relatively orthogonal euphoric, dysphoric, frequency and cognitive dimensions. Our findings suggest that there are important regularities in the diversity of ritual expression and experience observed across both time and culture. We discuss the implications of these findings for cognitive theories of ritual and cultural evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours'.

      DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0436

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    • Replicating and extending the effects of auditory religious cues on dishonest behavior

      Aaron D. Nichols, Martin Lang, Christopher Kavanagh, Radek Kundt, Junko Yamada, Dan Ariely, Panagiotis Mitkidis

      PLOS ONE15 ( 8 )   2020年8月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

      Although scientists agree that replications are critical to the debate on the validity of religious priming research, religious priming replications are scarce. This paper attempts to replicate and extend previously observed effects of religious priming on ethical behavior. We test the effect of religious instrumental music on individuals' ethical behavior with university participants (N = 408) in the Czech Republic, Japan, and the US. Participants were randomly assigned to listen to one of three musical tracks (religious, secular, or white noise) or to no music (control) for the duration of a decision-making game. Participants were asked to indicate which side of a vertically-bisected computer screen contained more dots and, in every trial, indicating that the right side of the screen had more dots earned participants the most money (irrespective of the number of dots). Therefore, participants were able to report dishonestly to earn more money. In agreement with previous research, we did not observe any main effects of condition. However, we were unable to replicate a moderating effect of self-reported religiosity on the effects of religious music on ethical behavior. Nevertheless, further analyses revealed moderating effects for ritual participation and declared religious affiliation congruent with the musical prime. That is, participants affiliated with a religious organization and taking part in rituals cheated significantly less than their peers when listening to religious music. We also observed significant differences in cheating behavior across samples. On average, US participants cheated the most and Czech participants cheated the least. We conclude that normative conduct is, in part, learned through active membership in religious communities and our findings provide further support for religious music as a subtle, moral cue.

      DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237007

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    • Exploring the Pathways Between Transformative Group Experiences and Identity Fusion

      Christopher M. Kavanagh, Rohan Kapitany, Idhamsyah Eka Putra, Harvey Whitehouse

      FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY11   2020年6月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:FRONTIERS MEDIA SA  

      A growing body of evidence suggests that two distinct forms of group alignment are possible: identification and fusion (the former asserts that group and personal identity are distinct, while the latter asserts group and personal identities are functionally equivalent and mutually reinforcing). Among highly fused individuals, group identity taps directly into personal agency and so any attack on the group is perceived as a personal attack and motivates a willingness to fight and possibly even die as a defensive response. As such, identity fusion is relevant in explaining violent extremism, including suicidal terrorist attacks. Identity fusion is theorized to arise as a result from experiences which are (1) perceived as shared and (2) transformative, however evidence for this relationship remains limited. Here, we present a pre-registered study in which we examine the role of transformativeness and perceived sharedness of group-defining events in generating identity fusion. We find that both of these factors are predictive of identity fusion but that the relationship with transformativeness was more consistent than perceived sharedness across analyses in a sample of Indonesian Muslims.

      DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01172

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    • Ritual, identity fusion, and the inauguration of president Trump: a pseudo-experiment of ritual modes theory

      Rohan Kapitany, Christopher Kavanagh, Michael D. Buhrmester, Martha Newson, Harvey Whitehouse

      SELF AND IDENTITY19 ( 3 ) 293 - 323   2020年4月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

      The US Presidential Inauguration is a symbolic event which arouses significant emotional responses among diverse groups, and is of considerable significance to Americans' personal and social identities. We argue that the inauguration qualifies as an Imagistic Ritual. Such ritual experiences are thought to produce identity fusion: a visceral sense of oneness with the group. The 2017 Inauguration of President Trump was a unique opportunity to examine how a large-scale naturalistic imagistic ritual influences the social identities of Americans who supported and opposed President Trump. We conducted a pre-registered 7-week longitudinal investigation among a sample of Americans to examine how President Trump's Inauguration influenced identity fusion. We predicted that the affective responses to the inauguration would predict positive changes in fusion, mediated by self-reflection. We did not find support for this. However, the inauguration was associated with flashbulb-like memories, and positive emotions at the time of the event predicted changes in fusion to both ingroup and outgroup targets. Finally, both positive and negative emotional responses inspired self-reflection, but did not mediate the relationship with fusion. We discuss the implications for models linking group psychology, fusion theory, and ritual modes. All material is freely available at the Open Science Framework: .

      DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1578686

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    • Death anxiety, exposure to death, mortuary preferences, and religiosity in five countries (vol 6, 154, 2019)

      Jonathan Jong, Jamin Halberstadt, Matthias Bluemke, Christopher Kavanagh, Christopher Jackson

      SCIENTIFIC DATA7 ( 1 )   2020年1月

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      記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

      DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0357-2

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    • Is Japan Religious?

      Christopher M. Kavanagh, Jonathan Jong

      JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGION NATURE AND CULTURE14 ( 1 ) 152 - 180   2020年

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:EQUINOX PUBLISHING LTD  

      The popular image of Japan and religion presents something of a paradox. On the one hand, large cross-cultural surveys frequently present Japan as a country of non-believers, where only 10-15% of the population self-identify as religious and the vast majority rank religion as being of little importance to their lives. Yet, any visitor to Japan is likely to be struck by the sheer number of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples that dot the landscape, and the diverse array of festivals (rnatsun) that are performed at these sites. In this article, we argue that the apparent paradox is actually an illusion generated by the unwarranted ethnocentric assumption that religion everywhere must resemble the features of the Abrahamic faiths that are predominant in Western societies. To make our case we first review recurrent theoretical and definitional debates concerning religion and examine how they relate to the Japanese context Second, we explore patterns in contemporary data from an online survey of N = 1,000 Japanese that asked about religious beliefs and practices. We illustrate through the results obtained that to understand religion in Japan it is necessary to move beyond theocentric approaches and expectations that religious belief must be tied to religious identities or exclusive membership in a given tradition. To conclude, we argue that the patterns observed in Japan demonstrate that scholars who wish to explore religion cross-culturally need to take greater account of orthopraxic cultural contexts and distinguish between 'theocentric' doctrinal beliefs and broader supernatural beliefs.

      DOI: 10.1558/jsrnc.39187

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    • Special Issue Introduction: Religious Diversity and the Cognitive Science of Religion: New Experimental and Fieldwork Approaches

      John H. Shaver, Christopher M. Kavanagh

      JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGION NATURE AND CULTURE14 ( 1 ) 5 - 11   2020年

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      記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:EQUINOX PUBLISHING LTD  

      DOI: 10.1558/jsrnc.40580

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    • The role of religious fundamentalism and tightness-looseness in promoting collective narcissism and extreme group behavior. 査読有り

      Yustisia, W, Putra, I.E, Kavanagh, C, Whitehouse, H, Rufaidah, A

      Psychology of Religion and Spirituality.12 ( 2 ) 231 - 240   2019年

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

      DOI: 10.1037/rel0000269

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    • Too Much, Too Little, or the Wrong Kind of 'Theory' in the Study of Religions?

      Christopher M. Kavanagh

      METHOD & THEORY IN THE STUDY OF RELIGION30 ( 4-5 ) 463 - 471   2018年10月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  

      In response to the recent publication of Theory In a Time of Excess this article offers an outsider perspective on the theoretical issues raised and why they are ultimately unlikely to be resolved. The article argues that there is a widespread problematic tendency to equate theory with a specific category of critical theory that tautologically restricts the theoretical boundaries of the study of religion field and neglects the contributions of more empirically inclined theorists. In a similar manner, essentialising narratives about the Cognitive Science of Religion that portray the field as unified and monolithic are highlighted and the validity of such critiques is questioned.

      DOI: 10.1163/15700682-12341439

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    • Relational mobility predicts social behaviors in 39 countries and is tied to historical farming and threat 査読有り

      Robert Thomson, Masaki Yuki, Thomas Talhelm, Joanna Schug, Mie Kito, Arin H Ayanian, Julia C Becker, Maja Becker, Chi-yue Chiu, Hoon-Seok Choi, Carolina M Ferreira, Marta Fülöp, Pelin Gul, Ana Maria Houghton-Illera, Mihkel Joasoo, Jonathan Jong, Christopher Kavanagh, Dmytro Khutkyy, Claudia Manzi, Urszula M Marcinkowska, Taciano L Milfont, Félix Neto, Timo Von Oertzen, Ruthie Pliskin, Alvaro San Martin, Purnima Singh, Mariko L Visserman

      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences115 ( 29 ) 7521 - 7526   2018年7月17日

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

      DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713191115

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    • Positive experiences of high arousal martial arts rituals are linked to identity fusion and costly pro‐group actions 査読有り

      Christopher Kavanagh, Jonathan Jong, Ryan McKay, Harvey Whitehouse

      European Journal of Social Psychology49 ( 3 ) 461 - 481   2018年5月29日

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

      DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2514

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    • A ritual by any other name

      Rohan Kapitany, Christopher Kavanagh

      BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES41   2018年

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      記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  

      We question the privileged role of trance within the framework presented. The features that Singh suggests make it unique are not well demarcated from those of rituals more generally, and we challenge the depth of explanation presented for the mechanisms of trance. We outline the form of a solution, which may facilitate increased operational utility for the presented framework.

      DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X17002102

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    • Death and religion in a post-replication crisis world

      Kavanagh, C.

      Religion, Brain and Behavior   2018年

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      掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

      DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2017.1414708

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    • Culture and Group Processes 招待有り 査読有り

      Christopher Kavanagh, Masaki Yuki

      Online Readings in Psychology and Culture5 ( 4 )   2017年6月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

      DOI: 10.9707/2307-0919.1154

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    • The evolution of extreme cooperation via shared dysphoric experiences 査読有り

      Harvey Whitehouse, Jonathan Jong, Michael D Buhrmester, Ángel Gómez, Brock Bastian, Christopher M Kavanagh, Martha Newson, Miriam Matthews, Jonathan A Lanman, Ryan McKay, Sergey Gavrilets

      Scientific Reports7 ( 44292 )   2017年3月14日

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

      DOI: 10.1038/srep44292

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    • The event cognition “hammer” and the “nails” of experience

      Kavanagh, C.

      Religion, Brain and Behavior7 ( 1 ) 68 - 70   2017年

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

      DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2016.1150330

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    • On the necessity of “minimal” methodological standards and religious “butterfly” collecting

      Kavanagh, C.

      Religion, Brain and Behavior6 ( 3 )   2016年

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      掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

      DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2015.1015048

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    • Developing the field site concept for the study of cultural evolution: The promise and the perils

      Kavanagh, C., Nakawake, Y.

      Cliodynamics7 ( 2 )   2016年

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      掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

      DOI: 10.21237/C7clio7233542

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    • Shared Negative Experiences Lead to Identity Fusion via Personal Reflection 査読有り

      Jonathan Jong, Harvey Whitehouse, Christopher Kavanagh, Justin Lane

      PLOS ONE10 ( 12 )   2015年12月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

      Across three studies, we examined the role of shared negative experiences in the formation of strong social bonds-identity fusion-previously associated with individuals' willingness to self-sacrifice for the sake of their groups. Studies 1 and 2 were correlational studies conducted on two different populations. In Study 1, we found that the extent to which Northern Irish Republicans and Unionists experienced shared negative experiences was associated with levels of identity fusion, and that this relationship was mediated by their reflection on these experiences. In Study 2, we replicated this finding among Bostonians, looking at their experiences of the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings. These correlational studies provide initial evidence for the plausibility of our causal model; however, an experiment was required for a more direct test. Thus, in Study 3, we experimentally manipulated the salience of the Boston Marathon Bombings, and found that this increased state levels of identity fusion among those who experienced it negatively. Taken together, these three studies provide evidence that shared negative experience leads to identity fusion, and that this process involves personal reflection.

      DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145611

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    • Born idolaters: The limits of the philosophical implications of the cognitive science of religion 査読有り

      Jonathan Jong, Christopher Kavanagh, Aku Visala

      NEUE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SYSTEMATISCHE THEOLOGIE UND RELIGIONSPHILOSOPHIE57 ( 2 ) 244 - 266   2015年6月

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      記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH  

      In recent years, theoretical and empirical work done under the rubric of the cognitive science of religion (CSR) have led many to conclude that religion (or, at least, some aspects thereof) is "natural". By this, it is meant that human beings are predisposed to believe in supernatural agents, and that their beliefs about these agents are constrained in various ways. The details about how and why these predispositions and cognitive constraints developed and evolved are still largely unknown, though there is enough of a theoretical consensus in CSR for philosophers to have begun reflecting on the implications of CSR for religious belief. In particular, much philosophical work has been done on the implications of CSR for theism, on both sides of the debate. On one hand, CSR might contribute to defeating particular arguments for theism, or indeed theism altogether; on the other hand, CSR might provide support for specific theological views. In this paper, we argue that the CSR is largely irrelevant for classical theism, and in particular that the "naturalness hypothesis" is much less congenial to theism than some have previously argued.

      DOI: 10.1515/nzsth-2015-0012

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