記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1126/science.aaw0422

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier Ltd  

Thermal Infrared Imager TIR on Hayabusa2 has proven its in-flight performance to detect celestial bodies during the cruise phase, especially by the observations of the Earth and the Moon before and after the Earth swing-by on 3rd of December 2015. The result indicates that the target C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu will be detected from the distance of 3000 km at the beginning of the approach phase, and that a C-type small moon larger than 1 m will be detected from the home position, 20 km from the asteroid, if it orbits around the asteroid.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pss.2018.05.007

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Institute of Physics Inc.  

Newly designed Lyman-alpha absorption cells for imaging hydrogen planetary corona were characterized using an ultra high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer installed on the DESIRS (Dichroïsme Et Spectroscopie par Interaction avec le Rayonnement Synchrotron) beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL in France. The early absorption cell installed in the Japanese Mars orbiter NOZOMI launched in 1998 had not been sufficiently optimized due to its short development time. The new absorption cells are equipped with the ability to change various parameters, such as filament shape, applied power, H2 gas pressure, and geometrical configuration. We found that the optical thickness of the new absorption cell was ∼4 times higher than the earlier one at the center wavelength of Lyman-alpha absorption, by optimizing the condition to promote thermal dissociation of H2 molecules into two H atoms on a hot tungsten filament. The Doppler temperature of planetary coronas could be determined with an accuracy better than 100 K with the performance of the newly developed absorption cell.

DOI： 10.1063/1.5007812

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1186/s40623-018-0789-5

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その他リンク： http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40623-018-0789-5.pdf

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION  

The hydrogen exosphere constitutes the uppermost atmospheric layer of the Earth, and its shape may reflect the last stage of the atmospheric escape process. The distribution of hydrogen in the outer exosphere remains unobserved because outer geocoronal emissions are difficult to observe from within the exosphere. In this study, we used the Lyman Alpha Imaging Camera on board the Proximate Object Close Flyby with Optical Navigation spacecraft, located outside the exosphere, to obtain the first image of the entire geocorona that extends to more than 38 Earth radii. The observed emission intensity distribution can be reproduced using our analytical model that has three parameters: exobase temperature, exobase density, and solar radiation pressure, which implies that hot hydrogen production in the magnetized plasmasphere is not the dominant process shaping the outer hydrogen exosphere. However, the role of the magnetic effect in determining the total escape flux cannot be ruled out.

DOI： 10.1002/2017GL075915

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

We provide an overview of data products from observations by the Japanese Venus Climate Orbiter, Akatsuki, and describe the definition and content of each data-processing level. Levels 1 and 2 consist of non-calibrated and calibrated radiance (or brightness temperature), respectively, as well as geometry information (e.g., illumination angles). Level 3 data are global-grid data in the regular longitude-latitude coordinate system, produced from the contents of Level 2. Non-negligible errors in navigational data and instrumental alignment can result in serious errors in the geometry calculations. Such errors cause mismapping of the data and lead to inconsistencies between radiances and illumination angles, along with errors in cloud-motion vectors. Thus, we carefully correct the boresight pointing of each camera by fitting an ellipse to the observed Venusian limb to provide improved longitude-latitude maps for Level 3 products, if possible. The accuracy of the pointing correction is also estimated statistically by simulating observed limb distributions. The results show that our algorithm successfully corrects instrumental pointing and will enable a variety of studies on the Venusian atmosphere using Akatsuki data.

DOI： 10.1186/s40623-017-0749-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

The Venus Climate Orbiter Akatsuki arrived at Venus in December 2015, and the Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR) onboard the spacecraft started making observations. LIR has acquired more than 8000 images during the first two Venusian years since orbit insertion without any serious faults. However, brightness temperature derived from LIR images contained an unexpected bias that related not to natural phenomena but to a thermal condition of the instrument. The bias could be partially eliminated by keeping the power supply unit for LIR always active, while the residual bias was simply correlated with the baffle temperature. Therefore, deep-space images were acquired at different baffle temperatures on orbit, and a reference table for eliminating the bias from images was prepared. In the corrected images, the brightness temperature was similar to 230 K at the center of the Venus disk, where the effect of limb darkening is negligible. The result is independent of the baffle temperature and consistent with the results of previous studies. Later, a laboratory experiment with the proto model of LIR showed that when the germanium (Ge) lens was heated, its actual temperature was slightly higher than the temperature measured by a thermal sensor attached to the lens holder. The experiment confirmed that transitory baffle heating accounted for the background bias found in the brightness temperature observed by LIR.

DOI： 10.1186/s40623-017-0727-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

The water production rate of a comet is one of the. fundamental parameters necessary. to understand cometary activity when a comet approaches the Sun within 2.5 au, because water is the most abundant icy material in the cometary nucleus. Wide-field imaging observations of the hydrogen Ly alpha emission in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko were performed by the Lyman Alpha Imaging Camera (LAICA) on. board the 50 kg class micro spacecraft, the Proximate Object Close Flyby with Optical Navigation (PROCYON), on UT 2015 September 7.40, 12.37, and 13.17 (corresponding to 25.31, 30.28, and 31.08 days after the perihelion passage of the comet, respectively). We derive the water production rates, QH(2)O, of the comet from Lya images of the comet by using a 2D axi-symmetric Direct Simulation Monte-Carlo model of the atomic hydrogen coma; (1.46. +/- 0.47) x 10(28), (1.24. +/- 0.40) x10(28), and (1.30. +/- 0.42) x 10(28) molecules s(-1) on 7.40, 12.37, and 13.17 September, respectively. These values are comparable to the values from in situ measurements by the Rosetta instruments in the 2015 apparition and the ground-based and space observations during the past apparitions. The comet did not show significant secular change in average water production rates just after the perihelion passage for the apparitions from 1982 to 2015. We emphasize that the measurements of absolute QH(2)O based on the wide field of view (e. g., by the LAICA/PROCYON) are so important to judge the soundness of the coma models used to infer QH(2)O based on in situ measurements by spacecraft, like the Rosetta.

DOI： 10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/76

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

The planet Venus is covered by thick clouds of sulfuric acid that move westwards because the entire upper atmosphere rotates much faster than the planet itself. At the cloud tops, about 65 km in altitude, small-scale features are predominantly carried by the background wind at speeds of approximately 100 ms(-1). In contrast, planetary-scale atmospheric features have been observed to move slightly faster or slower than the background wind, a phenomenon that has been interpreted to reflect the propagation of planetary-scale waves. Here we report the detection of an interhemispheric bow-shaped structure stretching 10,000 km across at the cloud-top level of Venus in middle infrared and ultraviolet images from the Japanese orbiter Akatsuki. Over several days of observation, the bow-shaped structure remained relatively fixed in position above the highland on the slowly rotating surface, despite the background atmospheric super rotation. We suggest that the bow-shaped structure is the result of an atmospheric gravity wave generated in the lower atmosphere by mountain topography that then propagated upwards. Numerical simulations provide preliminary support for this interpretation, but the formation and propagation of a mountain gravity wave remain difficult to reconcile with assumed near-surface conditions on Venus. We suggest that winds in the deep atmosphere may be spatially or temporally more variable than previously thought.

DOI： 10.1038/NGEO2873

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/2017GL075792

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

AKATSUKI is the Japanese Venus Climate Orbiter that was designed to investigate the climate system of Venus. The orbiter was launched on May 21, 2010, and it reached Venus on December 7, 2010. Thrust was applied by the orbital maneuver engine in an attempt to put AKATSUKI into a westward equatorial orbit around Venus with a 30-h orbital period. However, this operation failed because of a malfunction in the propulsion system. After this failure, the spacecraft orbited the Sun for 5 years. On December 7, 2015, AKATSUKI once again approached Venus and the Venus orbit insertion was successful, whereby a westward equatorial orbit with apoapsis of similar to 440,000 km and orbital period of 14 days was initiated. Now that AKATSUKI's long journey to Venus has ended, it will provide scientific data on the Venusian climate system for two or more years. For the purpose of both decreasing the apoapsis altitude and avoiding a long eclipse during the orbit, a trim maneuver was performed at the first periapsis. The apoapsis altitude is now similar to 360,000 km with a periapsis altitude of 1000-8000 km, and the period is 10 days and 12 h. In this paper, we describe the details of the Venus orbit insertion-revenge 1 (VOI-R1) and the new orbit, the expected scientific information to be obtained at this orbit, and the Venus images captured by the onboard 1-mu m infrared camera, ultraviolet imager, and long-wave infrared camera 2 h after the successful initiation of the VOI-R1.

DOI： 10.1186/s40623-016-0457-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.pss.2016.04.002,

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Color images of six low-latitude auroral events observed using color digital cameras at Nayoro (142.5 degrees E, 44.4 degrees N), Hokkaido, Japan, from 2001 to 2004, were analyzed to determine the events' locations and times of occurrence. Geographical azimuthal and elevation angles of the images' pixels were determined precisely by using the positions of the stars captured in the images. Horizontal regions covered by these auroral events were directly indicated by mapping the color images onto geographical maps and assuming that the emission layer's altitude is the lowest or highest value of a visible-level red aurora, as determined by the OI 630.0nm emission. The estimated geomagnetic latitudes and L values of these low-latitude auroral events were in the 39-50 degrees range and below L < 2.5, respectively. This investigation indicates that four of the six auroral events were the same as those that were reported previously based on high-sensitivity optical observations at other sites on Hokkaido (Rikubetsu and Moshiri). Although the previous study is lacking information about the maximal brightness level of the red auroral events, the present investigation suggests that these four low-latitude auroral events reached the visible level. In addition, two new events were reported in this study. The present work provides essential information such as the morphology and appearance of visible auroras, which are extremely rare in mid- or low-latitude regions.

DOI： 10.1186/s40623-015-0278-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Japanese Venus Climate Orbiter/AKATSUKI was proposed in 2001 with strong support by international Venus science community and approved as an ISAS (The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) mission soon after the proposal. The mission life we expected was more than two Earth years in Venus orbit. AKATSUKI was successfully launched at 06:58:22JST on May 21, 2010, by H-IIA F17. After the separation from H-IIA, the telemetry from AKATSUKI was normally detected by DSN Goldstone station (10:00JST) and the solar cell paddles' deployment was confirmed. After a successful cruise, the malfunction happened on the propulsion system during the Venus orbit insertion (VOI) on Dec. 7, 2010. The engine shut down before the planned reduction in speed to achieve. The spacecraft did not enter the Venus orbit but entered an orbit around the Sun with a period of 203 days. Most of the fuel still had remained, but the orbital maneuvering engine was found to be broken and unusable. However, we have found an alternate way of achieving orbit by using only the reaction control system (RSC). We had adopted the alternate way for orbital maneuver and three minor maneuvers in Nov. 2011 were successfully done so that AKATSUKI would meet Venus in 2015. We are considering several scenarios for VOI using only RCS. © 2013 IAA.

DOI： 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.027

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION  

A fireball meteor with a visual magnitude over -6 followed by a persistent train was observed by two all-sky cameras for detecting the aurora and sodium airglow at Syowa Station (69.0 degrees S, 39.5 degrees E), Antarctica, on 7 June 2008. The orbit and other parameters of the fireball were estimated with an all-sky television camera for detecting the aurora. After the passage of this fireball, a circular train in the Na airglow was observed. This train expanded to a diameter of about 50 km in 9 min. Assuming that the fireball contained and emitted Na, we found this ring to span the altitudes of z = 76 to 87 km. The ring's mean motion was most likely caused by a large-scale, inertia-gravity wave with a vertical wavelength of similar to 16 km and an amplitude of similar to 30 m/s in the mesopause region.

DOI： 10.1002/jgrd.50228

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/GRL.50124

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION  

Poleward-moving auroral forms (PMAF), the ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events (FTEs), are intermittent phenomena observed in the cusp during negative interplanetary magnetic field intervals. Previous meridian scanning photometer-based observations showed that the distribution of the separation time between successive PMAFs is maximum at similar to 3.5 min. In this paper we present initial results from a new high-sensitivity all-sky imager, which was set up at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway in October 2011. The 630.0-nm all-sky images taken with a time resolution of 4 s reveal that one of the PMAFs that occurred with such typical separation times on 29 December 2011 comprises two consecutive auroral bursts-the first occurring in the PMAF immediately after it was seen and the second, similar to 2 min later, following almost the same route. This observation provides evidence that one PMAF could reflect double FTEs-there is not always a one-to-one correspondence between FTEs and PMAFs. Reconnection on the dayside magnetopause would be modulated with a period of similar to 2 min during the course of transient reconnection. Citation: Taguchi, S., K. Hosokawa, Y. Ogawa, T. Aoki, and M. Taguchi (2012), Double bursts inside a poleward-moving auroral form in the cusp, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A12301, doi:10.1029/2012JA018150.

DOI： 10.1029/2012JA018150

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Mid-infrared images of almost the entire Venus nightside hemisphere obtained by the Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR) onboard Akatsuki on December 9 and 10, 2010 reveal that the brightness temperature of the cloud-top ranges from 237 K in the cold polar collars to 243 K in the equatorial region, significantly higher than the values obtained by Venera 15. Other characteristic features of the temperature distributions observed are zonal belt structures seen in the middle and low latitudes and patchy temperature structures or quasi-periodic streaks extending in a north-south direction in the northern middle latitudes and southern low latitudes. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.024

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION  

In this study, we determined the characteristics of mesospheric wave structures over South Pole Station (90 degrees S) derived from sodium airglow imaging observations. During the winter months of 2003 to 2005 (105 nights), we extracted a total of 768 wave events and separated them into two types (band-type gravity waves and ripples) according to their horizontal wavelengths. The distributions of the observed wave parameters, except for the horizontal propagation directions, were similar to those obtained by imaging observations at other latitudes. The observed gravity waves showed a preference for propagation toward 30-60 degrees E and 210-240 degrees E, whereas the ripples showed a preference for motion toward 90-120 degrees E and 300-330 degrees E. The gravity waves had a weak tendency of being observed in 0100-0700 UT, although the ripples did not show such a time dependence. We also investigated the characteristics of atmospheric instabilities from the alignment of the phase fronts of the observed ripples.

DOI： 10.1029/2011JD015882

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

The Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR) is one of a suite of cameras onboard the Venus orbiter Akatsuki. It will take images of thermal radiation in the wavelength range of 8-12 mu m emitted by the Venus cloud tops. The use of an uncooled micro-bolometer array as an infrared image sensor makes LIR a lightweight, small and low-power consumption instrument with a required noise equivalent temperature difference of 0.3 K. Temperature and horizontal wind fields at the cloud-top will be retrieved for both dayside and nightside with equal quality. This will provide key observations to understand the mechanism of super rotation and the thermal budget of the planet. LIR will also monitor variations of the polar dipole and collar which are characteristic thermal features in the Venusian atmosphere. Mechanisms of the upper-cloud formation will be investigated using sequences of close-up images. The morphology of the nightside upper cloud will be studied in detail for the first time.

DOI： 10.5047/eps.2011.06.019

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

The Akatsuki spacecraft of Japan was launched on May 21, 2010. The spacecraft planned to enter a Venus-encircling near-equatorial orbit in December 7, 2010; however, the Venus orbit insertion maneuver has failed, and at present the spacecraft is orbiting the Sun. There is a possibility of conducting an orbit insertion maneuver again several years later. The main goal of the mission is to understand the Venusian atmospheric dynamics and cloud physics, with the explorations of the ground surface and the interplanetary dust also being the themes. The angular motion of the spacecraft is roughly synchronized with the zonal flow near the cloud base for roughly 20 hours centered at the apoapsis. Seen from this portion of the orbit, cloud features below the spacecraft continue to be observed over 20 hours, and thus the precise determination of atmospheric motions is possible. The onboard science instruments sense multiple height levels of the atmosphere to model the three-dimensional structure and dynamics. The lower clouds, the lower atmosphere and the surface are imaged by utilizing near-infrared windows. The cloud top structure is mapped by using scattered ultraviolet radiation and thermal infrared radiation. Lightning discharge is searched for by high speed sampling of lightning flashes. Night airglow is observed at visible wavelengths. Radio occultation complements the imaging observations principally by determining the vertical temperature structure.

DOI： 10.5047/eps.2011.02.009

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Resonant scattering of the lunar sodium exosphere was measured from the lunar orbiter SELENE (Kaguya) from December 2008 to June 2009. Variations in line-of-sight integrated intensity measured on the night-side hemisphere of the Moon could be described as a spherical symmetric distribution of the sodium exosphere with a temperature of 2400-6000 K. Average surface density of sodium atoms in February is well above that in the other months by about 30%. A clear variation in surface density related to the Moon&apos;s passage across the Earth&apos;s magnetotail could not be seen, although sodium density gradually decreased (by 20 +/- 8%) during periods from the first through the last quarter of two lunar cycles. These results suggest that the supra-thermal components of the sodium exosphere are not mainly produced by classical sputtering of solar wind. The variation in sodium density (which depends on lunar-phase angle) is possibly explained by the presence of an inhomogeneous source distribution of photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) on the surface. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pss.2010.07.025

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION  

The Telescope of Extreme Ultraviolet (TEX) aboard Japan's lunar orbiter Kaguya has succeeded in imaging of the plasmaspheric helium ions by detecting resonantly scattered emission at 30.4 nm. After the initial instrumental check was completed, TEX has been operated routinely, and EUV images from TEX have become available from the perspective of the lunar orbit. The view afforded by the Kaguya orbit encompasses the plasma (He+) distribution in a single exposure, enabling us to examine for the first time the globally averaged properties of the terrestrial plasmasphere from the "side" (meridian) perspective. In this paper we report the inward motion of the nightside plasmapause on 2 May 2008 as seen from this remote meridian view of the Earth. The southward turning of the IMF initiated the inward motion of the plasmapause, and the nightside plasmasphere shrunk at a rate of 0.2 Re/h. Simultaneous solar wind velocity measurements provide a possible explanation for the total radial displacement of the plasmasphere observed in the EUV images.

DOI： 10.1029/2009JA014978

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

A grating spectrometer for hydroxyl (OH) airglow installed at Syowa Station (69 degrees S, 39.6 degrees E) by the 49th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE49) has been in operation since late February, 2008. A dataset of 153 nights was acquired at this location in the austral winter season of 2008. This dataset shows variations in the rotational temperature over a range of temporal scales. The rotational temperature around the polar mesopause region is high in winter and decreases toward summer, which is a pattern similar to that observed at Davis Station, located at almost the same latitude as Syowa Station. A large temperature variation with a period of several days was observed in early May, 2008. Based on a comparison with a simultaneous dataset obtained by the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite, it is inferred that this rotational temperature variation was due to the modulation of vertical motions around the mesopause.

DOI： 10.5047/eps.2010.07.010

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH  

OH rotational temperatures have been observed at the Syowa Station, Antarctica (69 degrees S, 39 degrees E), which is located in the middle of the auroral zone and has a high-sensitivity spectrometer for the spectral region of the OH 8-4 band. A dataset of 153 nights was acquired during the 2008 austral winter season. Of the 153 nights, the weather and aurora conditions were only suitable on 6 nights to study the relationship between auroral activity and OH airglow variation. Of these 6 nights, a significant increase in the rotational temperature and a decrease in the intensity related to an aurora activity were identified on the night of 27/28 March 2008, but no such variations were seen during the other nights. The horizontal magnetic field disturbance on the night of 27/28 March was the largest of that winter, while the cosmic radio noise absorption was also very strong. These facts indicate that, compared with the other nights, a large flux of high-energy auroral particles precipitated during the night. It is suggested that the observed variations in the OH rotational temperature and airglow intensity were caused by a lowering of the average airglow height as a result of OH depletion in the upper part of the layer where high-energy auroral particles can reach.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We measured the 220 GHz atmospheric-transparency at the Dome Fuji station in Antarctica from 18 December 2006 to 14 January 2007 using a tipping radiometer. The mean optical depth at zenith was 0.045 +/- 0.007, and during 98% of this period we measured an optical depth of less than 0.06. These data indicate that the atmospheric-transparency in summer at Dome Fuji is comparable to that of well-known submillimeter astronomical sites such as the Atacama desert in Chile in their best seasons. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. and NIPR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.polar.2009.08.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：EDP SCIENCES S A  

Aims. Following recent reports on spectroscopic observations by SWAN/SOHO suggesting that the flows of neutral interstellar helium and hydrogen in the inner heliosphere are slightly divergent, we tried to verify them on the basis of simultaneous photometric observations of heliospheric hydrogen and helium glows performed by a spacecraft located on an orbit between the Earth and Mars (which differs from the orbit of SWAN/SOHO). The observations were interpreted with the use of various independent models of interstellar hydrogen and helium in the inner heliosphere, evaluated over a mesh of parameters.
Methods. The data might suggest that the upwind and downwind directions of interstellar H may differ by less than 180 degrees, which we interpret as due to a side shift of the secondary population of interstellar hydrogen, which might be due to a deformation of the outer heliosheath e.g. because of the action of interstellar magnetic field. The simulations we performed do not support the idea that the secondary population is significantly shifted to the side.
Results. The upwind/downwind direction of interstellar hydrogen as derived from our observations agrees within the error bars with the upwind/downwind direction of interstellar helium and the error bars include both the upwind direction of interstellar helium, derived from in-situ observations of GAS/Ulysses, and the upwind direction of interstellar hydrogen, derived from observations of SWAN/SOHO.

DOI： 10.1051/0004-6361:20079241

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO  

The Upper Atmosphere and Plasma Imager (UPI) is to be launched in 2007 and sent to the Moon. From the lunar orbit, two telescopes are to be directed towards the Earth. The Moon has no atmosphere, which results in there being no active emission near the spacecraft; consequently, we will have a high-quality image of the near-Earth environment. As the Moon orbits the Earth once a month, the Earth will also be observed from many different directions. This is called a "science from the Moon". The two telescopes are mounted on a two-axis gimbal system, the Telescope of Extreme ultraviolet (TEX) and Telescope of Visible light (TVIS). TEX detects the O II (83.4 nm) and He II (30.4 nm) emissions scattered by ionized oxygen and helium, respectively. The targets of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) imaging are the polar ionosphere, the polar wind, and the plasmasphere and inner magnetosphere. The maximum spatial and time resolutions are 0.09 Re and 1 min, respectively.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION  

We present quasi-stationary auroral patches (QSAPs) observed by an all-sky imager at the South Pole Station (-74.3 degrees CGLAT) on the dayside between similar to 0900 and similar to 1400 MLT. QSAPs appeared in a closed field line region where I(557.7 nm) &gt;&gt; I(630.0 nm) and each patch tends to preserve its form, luminosity, and location for up to several hours. The quasi-stationary nature of the QSAPs cannot be explained by the traditional role of the corotation electric field because the South Pole is located on the axis of Earth&apos;s rotation. The most plausible scenario is that a corotation electric potential, which dominates the convection potential, results in a trapping region of the magnetospheric cold plasmas. On the analogy of the formation of the plasmasphere, the trapping region would capture cold plasmas originated from the ionosphere and result in a locally enhanced plasma density (miniplasmasphere) that may lead to electron scattering through cyclotron wave-particle interactions. This circumstance may occur when the South Pole is located on a closed field line and the local electric potential is dominated by the corotation potential. QSAPs were also accompanied with periodic fluctuations in the Pc 5 range, which coincide closely with ground magnetic fluctuations. Assuming that the pulsation is associated with field line resonances, we could estimate the equatorial mass density of thermal plasmas, which gradually increased from 0.13 to 0.44 amu cm(-3). The increase in the thermal plasma density would support the hypothesis that a miniplasmasphere exists, though further investigation is necessary to confirm it.

DOI： 10.1029/2006JA012087

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO  

We have developed three airglow temperature photometers with cooled-CCD detectors. The photometers measure rotational temperatures using the airglow emissions of OH and 02 near the mesopause region (altitude: 80-100 km). The photometers also measure six other airglow and auroral lines at wavelengths of 55.7, 630.0, 777.4, 589.3, 427.8, and 486.1 nm. The CCD detectors are used to distinguish the emission lines in these airglow bands, similarly to those used by the Spectral Airglow Temperature Imagers (SATI). In this paper, we describe the configuration of the photometers, their calibration, the data processing to extract rotational temperatures and emission intensities from the measured airglow spectra, as well as the initial deployment at Platteville, Colorado (40.2 degrees N, 255 degrees E), when their observations were compared with the concurrent and nearly collocated observations by a sodium lidar. We obtain a good correlation and some systematic difference of temperatures from the photometers and the lidar, and discuss possible causes of the temperature difference.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO  

An ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVS) on board the PLANET-B (NOZOMI) spacecraft has been developed. The UVS instrument consists of a grating spectrometer (UVS-G), an absorption cell photometer (UVS-P) and an electronics unit (UVS-E). The UVS-G features a flat-field type spectrometer measuring emissions in the FUV and MUV range between 110 nm and 310 nm with a spectral resolution of 2-3 nm. The UVS-P is a photometer separately detecting hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) Lyman alpha emissions by the absorption cell technique. They take images using the spin and orbital motion of the spacecraft. The major scientific objectives of the UVS experiment at Mars and the characteristics of the UVS are described. The MUV spectra of geocoronal and interplanetary Lyman alpha emissions and lunar images taken at wavelength of hydrogen Lyman alpha and the background at 170 nm are presented as representative examples of the UVS observations during the Earth orbiting phase and the Mars transfer phase.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：学位論文（その他）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Height distributions of methane in the troposphere and stratosphere were derived from high resolution absorption spectra observed with a ground‐based tunable diode laser heterodyne spectrometer. The center wavenumber of the measured methane absorption line is 1223.1561 cm−1. In the retrieval of methane height profiles, a volume mixing ratio of methane was assumed to have a constant value in the troposphere and to decrease with a constant rate in the stratosphere. The tropospheric mixing ratio and the decreasing rate in stratosphere were derived to be 1.7±0.1 ppmv and −0.06 ppmv/km, respectively, for measurements at Tsukuba (36.0°N, 140.1°E) on December 17 and 20, 1991. © 1995 by the Chinese Geophysical Society

DOI： 10.1029/95GL00051

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

To evaluate the accuracy of the vertical profiles and total column densities obtained by a ground‐based laser heterodyne spectrometer, four ozonesonde measurements were performed at Sendai, Japan in November 28–December 2, 1989. The altitudes, widths and maximum values of the peaks in the ozone vertical distributions obtained by the laser heterodyne observations agreed well with those obtained by the ozonesondes, though the fine structures in the ozone distributions can not be resolved by this remote sensing method. The total column densities and their temporal variation obtained by the laser heterodyne observations were also consistent with the ozonesonde data and the Dobson spectrophotometer data at Sapporo and Tateno. Copyright 1990 by the American Geophysical Union.

DOI： 10.1029/GL017i013p02349

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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